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Research Articles
[Korean]
Consumption of Weight-control or Health Functional Foods, Dietary Habits, and Weight Perceptions According to the Body Mass Index of Adult Women in the Chungcheong Area
Gayoung Seong, Munkyong Pae
Korean J Community Nutr 2022;27(2):81-93.   Published online April 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2022.27.2.81
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study was conducted to investigate the experience and perception among adult women regarding weight control and the consumption of weight-control foods or health functional foods based on their body mass index (BMI).
Methods
The subjects were 634 adult women from the Chungcheong province, Korea, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from July 2021 through September 2021. The subjects were divided into four groups based on their BMI status: underweight (< 18.5 kg/㎡ , 7.6%), normal weight (18.5 ~ 22.9 kg/㎡ , 53.3%), overweight (23 ~ 24.9 kg/㎡ , 19.7%), and obese ( ≥ 25 kg/㎡ , 19.4%).
Results
Over the past 3 years, almost two-thirds (68.6%) of the adult women had tried weight control measures, despite the fact that a significant proportion of them were normal or underweight. More importantly, 57.6% of subjects reported the consumption of weightcontrol foods, with a lower proportion in the underweight (35.4%) group compared to the normal (56.2%), overweight (62.4%), and obese (65.0%) groups. The food items used for weight control were mostly salads, chicken breasts, low fat (soy) milk, slimming tea, protein shakes, low-calorie cereals, and energy/protein bars among others. In addition, one-third (31.1%) of the subjects reported the use of health functional foods containing ingredients for fat reduction. A significantly higher proportion of these was from the overweight (36.0%) and obese (38.2%) groups compared to the underweight (20.8%) and normal weight (28.1%) groups. Products containing Garcinia cambogia extract, green tea, or Cissus extract, were popular among users. Subjects who were obese had a poorer perception of their health and body. Most subjects felt the need for correct information regarding weight control, but this number was significantly more in the higher BMI groups.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that the use of weight-control foods or health functional foods is popular among adult women, especially those who are obese. Thus, nutrition education courses covering facts about weight control and practice need to be developed and provided based on the BMI status of subjects.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Coffee Consumption Patterns According to Health Behavior and Dietary Factors among Young Adults : From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2021
    Hyun-Ju Jo, Hyun-Kyoung Bang
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2025; 35(4): 369.     CrossRef
  • Consumption of protein supplements/protein-fortified foods among young adults in Jeju
    Hyoju Lee, Youjeong Jang, Sumin Kim, Kyungho Ha
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(2): 261.     CrossRef
  • Prediction model of weight control experience in men with obesity in their 30 s and 40 s using decision tree analysis
    Myeunghee Han
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Study on Diet Perceptions and Trends Before and After COVID-19 Using Big Data Analysis
    Eunjung Lee, Hyosun Jung, Jina Jang
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2023; 52(6): 659.     CrossRef
  • A Narrative Approach to the Diet History of Female College Students : Focusing on the Role of SNS and Social Media Influencers and Individuals’ Motivation for Dieting
    Kyungbo Kim
    Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies.2022; 66(3): 139.     CrossRef
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[Korean]
Dietary Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Status in Korean Menopausal Women: Based on the 2016 ~ 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Pil-Sook Park, Mei-Sheng Li, Mi-Yeon Park
Korean J Community Nutr 2021;26(6):482-494.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.6.482
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study evaluated dietary behavior and nutritional status according to the metabolic syndrome status in Korean menopausal women.
Methods
The subjects were 1,392 menopausal women aged 50 to 64 who took part in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2016 and 2017. Subjects were classified into normal (NOR) group, pre-metabolic syndrome (Pre-MetS) group, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) groups according to the number of metabolic syndrome risk factors present.
Results
The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 33.7%. Using the NOR group as a reference, the odds of belonging to the MetS group in Model 1 adjusted for age were higher at 53% (OR = 1.53, 95% CI:1.011-2.307) for ‘not used’ subjects compared to ‘used’ subjects of the nutrition labeling system. Using the NOR group as a reference, every 1g increase in the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased the odds of belonging to the MetS group in Model 1 adjusted for age by 3% (MUFA, OR = 0.97, 95% CI:0.946-0.991; PUFA, OR = 0.97, 95% CI:0.942-0.993).
Conclusions
These results suggest that to reduce the number of risk factors of metabolic syndrome in menopausal women, nutritional education should emphasize the adequate intake of riboflavin, unsaturated fatty acids, protein, and calcium, and also encourage the recognition and use of nutritional labeling. Results of this study are expected to be utilized as basic data for the health management of menopausal women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Cardiocerebrovascular Disease or Fatty Liver Incidence Associated with Pattern of Metabolic Risk Factors and Nutritional Status of Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
    Pil Sook Park, Mei Sheng Li, Chong Yu Ding, Mi Yeon Park
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(2): 165.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship Between the Korean Adults Diet Evaluated Using Dietary Quality Indices and Metabolic Risk Factors: Based on the 2016 ~ 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Chong-Yu Ding, Pil-Sook Park, Mi-Yeon Park
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(3): 223.     CrossRef
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[Korean]
A Study on the Dietary and Lifestyle Changes of Middle-Aged Women in the Gwangju Area in the COVID-19 Era
Moon-Soon Kim, Bok-Mi Jung
Korean J Community Nutr 2021;26(4):259-269.   Published online August 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.4.259
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the changes in the eating habits and lifestyle of middle-aged women in Gwangju during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 428 middle-aged women aged between 40 and 60 participated in a survey relating to general information, food and lifestyle, health functional food, and menopausal symptoms. The correlation between the variables was analyzed. Results: In the positive habits, the intake of nutritional supplements for immunity enhancement increased the most, followed by the use of media to learn healthy eating tips, and diets including healthy food. Negative habits increased in the order of frequency of taking delivery orders, levels of stress or anxiety, and time spent sitting or watching movies. In the case of recommended foods, the intake increased the most in the order of eggs, fruits, vegetables, milk/dairy products, and seaweed. Non-recommended foods increased in the order of meat, bread, rice, and noodles. The awareness of health functional foods was in the increasing order of interest, knowledge, consumption experience, and purchase amount. The type of health functional food intake was in the increasing order of probiotics, multivitamin and mineral supplements, vitamin C, collagen, and omega-3. Menopausal symptoms were in the increasing order of bone and joint pain, poor sleep quality, emotional ups and downs, loneliness, and feeling of emptiness. In the correlation of major variables, positive habits showed a significant positive correlation with recommended food intake and the recognition of health functional foods. Negative habits showed a significant positive correlation with non-recommended food intake and a significant positive correlation with menopausal symptoms. Recommended food intake showed a significant positive correlation with health functional food recognition and intake and menopausal symptoms. Conclusions: This study suggests that it is necessary to establish social measures to reduce the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on middle-aged women and to ensure effective self-management through a healthy lifestyle since the pandemic has a long-term impact.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Barley-Based Cereals Enhance Metabolic Health and Satiety in Overweight Korean Adults: A Randomized Trial
    Ingyeong Kang, Hyunsook Jang, Minchul Gim, Sang Eun Bae, Yu Jin Lee, Chai Sun Leem, Yoo Kyoung Park
    Nutrients.2025; 17(17): 2801.     CrossRef
  • Comparative study on the health and dietary habits of Korean male and female adults before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: utilizing data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2021)
    Chaemin Kim, Eunjung Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(1): 65.     CrossRef
  • Quality Characteristics of Staple Breads Based on Baking Methods
    Eun-Hee Doo
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2024; 34(1): 77.     CrossRef
  • Changes in Ultra-Processed Food Consumption among Adolescents before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic : Using Data from the 7th (2018~2019) and 8th (2020~2021) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Hyun-Jin Hwang, Yoo Kyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2024; 33(6): 981.     CrossRef
  • Dietary guidelines adherence and changes in eating habits among college students in the post-COVID-19 period: a cross-sectional study
    Eunyoung Yoon
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(3): 220.     CrossRef
  • Changes in dietary habits and chronic diseases before and after COVID-19 by regions using data from the 2018-2020 Korea Community Health Survey and Consumer Behavior Survey for Foods: a cross-sectional study
    Surim Park, Eun-hee Jang, Seungmin Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(2): 124.     CrossRef
  • 광주광역시 지역민의 영양교육 요구도 조사 분석
    은평 양, 경윤 김, 승희 최, 금비 류, 옥경 김, 정미 윤
    Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2023; 39(2): 100.     CrossRef
  • Consumers’ perceptions of dietary supplements before and after the COVID-19 pandemic based on big data
    Eunjung Lee, Hyo Sun Jung, Jin A Jang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(3): 330.     CrossRef
  • Self-rated health according to change of lifestyle after COVID-19: Differences between age groups
    Dan Bi Lee, Jung Hyun Ahn, Jin Young Nam
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2022; 39(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to Changes of Daily Life during COVID-19
    Kyungjin Min, Pilhan Yun, Sangshin Park
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(4): 297.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Behavior and Diet Quality in the Korean Adult Population by Income Level before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2020)
    Hye-Min Na, Bok-Mi Jung
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2022; 33(3): 397.     CrossRef
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[Korean]
Evaluation of Dietary Habits and Health-Related Factors According to the Employment in Women in Early Adulthood - Based on the 2016~2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yun-Jung Bae
Korean J Community Nutr 2021;26(4):249-258.   Published online August 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.4.249
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study aimed to compare the factors of dietary and health behavior according to the employment in women in early adulthood and to analyze their relationship. Methods: In this study, adult women aged 20~29 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016~2019 were classified into two groups depending on their permanent worker status, namely tenured employees (n = 254) and temporary employees (n = 377). Dietary habits (prevalence of skipping meals, food nutrition label use, etc.), nutrient intake, and metabolic syndrome factors were analyzed. Results: The tenured employees' group showed a significantly lower proportion of subjects who skipped breakfast (P = 0.0254) and significantly higher daily energy intake (P = 0.0264) than the temporary employees' group. However, there were no significant differences in the intake of energy nutrients and most of the micronutrients per 1,000 kcal of energy intake between the two groups. The proportion of subjects who consumed energy nutrients under 75% of the estimated energy requirement (EER) was 38.11% in the tenured employees' group, which was significantly lower than the 48.30% in the temporary employees' group (P = 0.0159). In economically active women aged 19~29 years, the odds ratio of low HDL-cholesterolemia prevalence was 1.80 times higher (95% CI, 1.06-3.06) in the temporary employees' group compared to that in the tenured employees' group after adjustment for confounding factors (P = 0.0295). Conclusions: In conclusion, among Korean adult women in their twenties, temporary employees showed inappropriate eating habits such as skipping breakfast, and had abnormal blood lipid levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Temporary Employment Is Associated with Poor Dietary Quality in Middle-Aged Workers in Korea: A Nationwide Study Based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index, 2013–2021
    Seong-Uk Baek, Myeong-Hun Lim, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Nutrients.2024; 16(10): 1482.     CrossRef
  • 1,025 View
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  • 1 Crossref
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[English]
E-commerce Food Purchases by Adult Women according to their Household Types
Yu-Jin Park, Yu-Mi Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
Korean J Community Nutr 2020;25(6):464-473.   Published online December 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.6.464
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze e-commerce food purchase behavior and the perceptions of adult women according to their household types. Methods: The e-commerce food purchases of 318 adult women were surveyed and analyzed according to their household types (one-person or couple household (OCH); a household with children (HC); a household with parents (HP)). Results: The total amount of food purchases over 6 months through e-commerce according to household types was in the descending order of OCH (60.3%), HC (57%), and HP (55.1%) thus showing a significant difference (P < 0.05) in behavior between household types. The reasons for purchasing food through e-commerce included: a lower price than offline (30.8%), convenient delivery and transportation (30.2%), and food diversity (21.1%). When purchasing food online, the most important factor was price and quality, followed by quick and accurate delivery for OCH, exact information given about the product for HC, and recommendation from other consumers for HP (P < 0.01). The main foods purchased through e-commerce were coffee, tea (42.1%), instant and frozen foods (39.9%), water, beverages, dairy products (37.7%), snacks, bread, rice cakes (31.5%), and functional foods (27.4%). The percentage of respondents who were very satisfied or satisfied with their ecommerce food purchases was HP (84.1%), OCH (69.9%), and HC (65.6%) in that order (P < 0.05), and 96.5% of all subjects stated that they would be willing to purchase food through e-commerce in the future. The advantages of purchasing food through e-commerce were seen to be the highest in order and payment convenience with 4.1 points out of 5, followed by low price (4.0), variety of products (3.9), and ease of food purchase (3.9).Among the disadvantages listed, concerns about product damage and deterioration during delivery and differences between the displayed product and the delivered product were the highest with 3.7 points. Conclusions: The characteristics and perceptions of female consumers according to household types are important factors in enhancing the reach of e-commerce, and in preparing guidelines for food selection through e-commerce.

Citations

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  • Effects of the Perceived Quality and Attitude on Satisfaction in Online Fresh Food Shopping
    Jin-Yi Jeong, Yoon-Ji Choi, Hye-Sung Chae, Jung Shin Choi, Joo-Lee Son
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2022; 32(3): 202.     CrossRef
  • Examination the Factors that Influence Online Food Purchase Intention : An Empirical Study Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
    Jin-Yi Jeong, Yoon-Ji Choi, Hye-Sung Chae, Jung Shin Choi, Joo-Lee Son
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2021; 31(5): 320.     CrossRef
  • 741 View
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Original Articles
[English]
Food and Nutrient Intake Level by the Risk of Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women: The use of the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2010–2011)
Hyobin Kim, Heysook Kim, Oran Kwon, Heejung Park
Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(2):152-162.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.2.152
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the food, nutrient intake, and diet quality of postmenopausal women at high risk of osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with those of control subjects.
METHODS
A total of 1,131 post-menopausal women aged over 45 years, who took the 2010–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were included for analysis. These participants were classified into the following groups: the OP group, with a risk of OP (n=135); the CVD group, with a risk of CVD (n=373); the OP+CVD group, with a risk of OP and CVD concurrently (n=218); and the control group (n=405) according to bone mineral density (BMD) and CVD risk. Anthropometric measurements, blood profiles, dietary intake, and dietary quality indices were measured and compared among the four groups.
RESULTS
Waist circumference, total body fat percentage, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol were higher, and HDL-cholesterol and BMD were lower in the OP+CVD group than in the control group. In the food frequency questionnaire, the OP+CVD group had significantly higher frequencies of grain (except for multi-grain) and lower frequencies of fruit and dairy product. The frequency of consumption of red meat, processed meat, and carbonated beverages was higher in OP+CVD group. In nutrient density analysis, proteins and vitamin B2 levels were significantly lower in the OP+CVD group than in the control group. The nutritional quality index (INQ) values of calcium were in the order of 0.63, 0.58, 0.56, and 0.55 in each group, and it was urgent to improve the dietary intake for calcium in postmenopausal women. In addition, vitamin B2 was inadequately consumed by all groups.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that it is necessary to increase the intake of vitamin B2 and calcium and decrease the frequency of intake of red meat, processed meat, and carbonated beverages in postmenopausal women with the risk of OP and CVD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Arterial stiffness index, physical activity and food and nutrient intake: cross-sectional study in adults aged 40 years and older
    Eun-A Kim, Yun-Mi Kim, Eun-Kyung Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(2): 81.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Nutrient Intake and Health Status of Elderly Koreans According to their BMI Status: Focus on the Underweight Elderly Population
    You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(5): 422.     CrossRef
  • Association between frailty and dietary intake amongst the Korean elderly: based on the 2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Suhyeon Yang, Won Jang, Yangha Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(6): 631.     CrossRef
  • Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Inversely Associated with Risk of Low Bone Mineral Density in Older Korean Men
    Inhwan Lee, Jeonghyeon Kim, Hyunsik Kang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 7907.     CrossRef
  • Research Trend of Nutrition through Analysis of Articles Published in 'Korean Journal of Community Nutrition'
    Jin Suk Jo, Kyoung Sin Lee, Ki Nam Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2011; 16(2): 278.     CrossRef
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[English]
Consumption of Han-sik and its Association with Socioeconomic Status among Filipino Immigrant Women: the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL)
Nayeon Kim, Minji Kang, Grace Abris, Sherlyn Mae P Provido, Hyojee Joung, Sangmo Hong, Sung Hoon Yu, Chang Beom Lee, Jung Eun Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(6):475-487.   Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.6.475
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the consumption of Han-sik and its association with the years of residence in Korea and the socioeconomic status among Filipino immigrant women of the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL).
METHODS
A total of 474 Filipino women married to Korean men were included in the analysis. Their dietary intake was assessed using a single-day 24-hour recall. The participants provided information on the demographics, socioeconomic, and health-related factors through face-to-face interviews. The generalized linear model and logistic regression model were used to examine the association between the socioeconomic status and consumption of Han-sik.
RESULTS
The mean age of the participants was 34.3 years old, and the average duration of residence in Korea was 8.2 years. Among 474 Filipino women, a total of 467 consumed Han-sik, with an average of 6.8 food items per day. The Han-sik foods that the participants consumed most frequently were rice, cabbage kimchi, mixed-grain rice, and fried eggs. The average ratio of Han-sik was 58.57%. The ratio of Han-sik showed no significant associations with the years of residence, years of living together with their husband, education levels, total annual family income, or linguistic competence of Korean. However, the ratio of Han-sik use was associated with cohabitation with parents-in-law; the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 2.41 (1.18–4.92, p-trend = 0.002) comparing the fourth quartile with the first quartile of the Han-sik ratio.
CONCLUSIONS
Filipino immigrant women in the FiLWHEL study consumed a larger number of Han-sik than Philippine foods. In addition, cohabitation with their parents-in-law was associated with the consumption of Han-sik. Further epidemiologic studies will be needed to determine how the diet affects the health and wellbeing of immigrant women in Korea.
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[English]
Nutrient Composition and Content of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements and Their Appropriateness for Pregnant and Lactating Women in Korea
Young Hee Han, Jeong Hyeon Seo, Gu Rum Shin, Ju Young Shin, Ye Young Jo, Taisun Hyun
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(4):341-351.   Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.4.341
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Use of dietary supplements containing vitamins and minerals is growing in Korean adults, especially in pregnant and lactating women. Vitamin and mineral supplements are available in different composition and in a wide range of contents. The purposes of the study were to examine nutrient composition and content of vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women and assess their appropriateness as dietary supplements.
METHODS
Information on the name, manufacturer, nutrient composition, and usage of vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women were obtained from the homepage of the Food Safety Information Portal managed by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and Korean Index of Medical Specialties. A total of 264 products were identified.
RESULTS
Among 264 products, 26.1% were single nutrient products, and 73.9% were multinutrient products. The most commonly included nutrient was iron (70.1%), folic acid (66.3%), vitamin B12 (45.8%), vitamin C (38.6%), and vitamin B6 (38.6%). Although more than 50% of products contained nutrients less than 150% of Recommended Nutrient Intakes or Adequate Intakes for daily use, some products contained inappropriately high amounts of nutrients. When a maximum daily dose of supplements was taken as described on the label, iron in 73 products (39.5%), folic acid in 14 products (8.0%) were likely to be consumed in amounts greater than Tolerable Upper Intake Levels. Most products were assessed as inappropriate for pregnant women due to the possibility of excessive intake of vitamins or minerals when compared with Dietary Reference Intakes.
CONCLUSIONS
Pregnant and lactating women need to carefully select dietary supplements containing adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals. Nutritionists should provide guidelines regarding selection of appropriate vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women.

Citations

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  • Folate: 2020 Dietary reference intakes and nutritional status of Koreans
    Young-Hee Han, Taisun Hyun
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(3): 330.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of A and E vitamer profiles in domestic raw and processed seafood consumed in Korea
    Ye-Eun Park, Yu-Jeong Gwak, Jeong Kim, YuSen Guan, Won-Ho Hong, Su-Jin Park, Na-Young Yoon, Yeon-Kye Kim, Sang Kuk Han, Jiyeon Chun
    Korean Journal of Food Preservation.2021; 28(7): 926.     CrossRef
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[English]
Field Application and Evaluation of Health Status Assessment Tool based on Dietary Patterns for Middle-Aged Women
Hye Jin Lee, Kyung Hea Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(4):277-288.   Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.4.277
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to verify the validity and judgment criteria setting of a health status assessment tool based on dietary patterns for middle-aged women.
METHODS
A total of 474 middle-aged women who visited the Comprehensive Medical Examination Center at Hanmaeum Hospital in Changwon were enrolled (IRB 2013-0005). The validity was verified using clinical indicators for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS), and it was used to set the criteria for the tool. A logistic regression analysis was performed for validation. The area under-receiver operation (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Youden Index were calculated through ROC curve analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21, and p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
RESULTS
The mean score of the group with no MS (73.3 points) was significantly higher compared to the group with MS (65.7 points) (p < 0.001). An analysis of the association between the tool scores and risk of MS showed a 0.15-fold reduction in the risk of MS every time the tool's score increased by one point. As the result of the ROC curve analysis, the assessment reference point was set to 71 points, indicating 77.0% sensitivity and 61.0% specificity. Risk of MS was significantly higher in the group with a score of less than 71.0 than a group with more than 71 points (OR=5.28, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
This study was the first attempt to develop a health status assessment tool based on the dietary patterns for middle-aged women, and this tool has proven its usefulness as an MS assessment tool through the application of middle-aged women in the field of health screening.

Citations

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  • Association of milk and dairy product consumption with the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence in middle-aged and older Korean adults: a 16-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
    Yeseung Jeong, Kyung Won Lee, Hyekyeong Kim, Yuri Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1225.     CrossRef
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[English]
Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Young Women according to Breakfast Frequency in Seoul
Da Mee Kim, Youl Ri Kim, Kyung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(2):102-115.   Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.2.102
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Although breakfast is important to nutrition balance, prevention of overeating, and weight control, people in their 20s (males: 55.1%, females: 49.9%) were reported to have the highest rate of skipping breakfast in 2016 Korea Health Statistics. This study aims to examine dietary habits and nutrient intake depending on breakfast frequency among young women in Seoul.
METHODS
The subjects were 655 young women in Seoul from August to October 2016, and the survey was performed by using a questionnaire that included general characteristics, dietary habits, and eating behavior. Body composition was determined by bioelectric impedance analysis. Nutritional status was examined by the 24-hour recall method.
RESULTS
The participants were classified by breakfast intake frequency; ‘≥ 5 times/week (n=160)’, ‘1–4 times/week (n=327)’, and ‘breakfast skipping (n=168)’. The ‘breakfast skipping’ group had lower frequency and regularity of meals. In addition, the ‘breakfast skipping’ group had a higher frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. There was no difference in total calories between the ‘breakfast skipping’ group and other groups, but the ‘breakfast skipping’ group had significantly low carbohydrate and fiber intakes. The participants showed lower intakes of calories, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, calcium, potassium, and zinc in comparison with recommended intakes. Especially, the ‘breakfast skipping’ group had significantly lower fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, potassium levels compared to the ‘≥ 5 times/week’ group. For Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), the ‘breakfast skipping’ group recorded a ratio of 0.60, which was lower than those of other groups. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) including fiber, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus were significantly lower in the breakfast skipper group, compared to the breakfast eater group.
CONCLUSIONS
The ‘breakfast skipping’ group showed low regularity of meals and a high frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. The breakfast regular eater group showed high intake of micronutrients and quality of meals was high in general. Skipping breakfast could lower nutrient intake and quality of meals, which requires attention.

Citations

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  • Attributes of multiple concurrent functional gastrointestinal disorders in female university students in South Korea
    Hyo Kyung Kim, Hyunjung Kim, Aram Lee
    Women & Health.2024; 64(8): 674.     CrossRef
  • Beliefs, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students in South Korea
    Hye Jin Kim, Kyung Won Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1170.     CrossRef
  • Revision of Nutrition Quotient for Korean adults: NQ-2021
    Sung-Min Yook, Young-Suk Lim, Jung-Sug Lee, Ki-Nam Kim, Hyo-Jeong Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Ji-Yun Hwang, Hye-Young Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(2): 278.     CrossRef
  • Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Dietary Quality using Nutritional Quotient among Adults in Daegu, Korea
    Kilye Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(5): 350.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Life of Chinese International Students according to the Frequency of University Foodservice Use in Korea
    Yan Cui, Hye-Jong Yoo, Injoo Choi, Jihyun Yoon
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • Development of Nutrition Quotient for Korean adults: item selection and validation of factor structure
    Jung-Sug Lee, Hye-Young Kim, Ji-Yun Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Hae Rang Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak, Myung-Hee Kang, Young-Sun Choi
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(4): 340.     CrossRef
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[English]
Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women
Young Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taeksang Yoo, Taisun Hyun
Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(3):248-258.   Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.3.248
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to develop a series of education materials as a card news format to provide nutrition information for pregnant and lactating women.
METHODS
The materials were developed in seven steps. As a first step, the needs of pregnant and lactating women were assessed by reviewing scientific papers and existing education materials, and by interviewing a focus group. The second step was to construct main categories and the topics of information. In step 3, a draft of the contents in each topic was developed based on the scientific evidence. In step 4, a draft of card news was created by editors and designers by editing the text and embedding images in the card news. In step 5, the text, images and sequences were reviewed to improve readability by the members of the project team and nutrition experts. In step 6, parts of the text or images or the sequences of the card news were revised based on the reviews. In step 7, the card news were finalized and released online to the public.
RESULTS
A series of 26 card news for pregnant and lactating women were developed. The series covered five categories such as nutrition management, healthy food choices, food safety, favorites to avoid, nutrition management in special conditions for pregnant and lactating women. The satisfaction of 7 topics of the card news was evaluated by 140 pregnant women, and more than 70% of the women were satisfied with the materials.
CONCLUSIONS
The card news format materials developed in this study are innovative nutrition education tools, and can be downloaded on the homepage of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Those materials can be easily shared in social media by nutrition educators or by pregnant and lactating women to use.

Citations

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  • Risk factors for inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy among women
    Ju Sun Cho, Sook Jung Kang
    Midwifery.2025; 144: 104345.     CrossRef
  • A comparative study on nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior between Korean and Chinese postpartum women
    Sohyun Kim, Heewon L Gray, Jia Li, Haeryun Park, Youngmi Lee, Kyunghee Song
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2019; 13(6): 535.     CrossRef
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[English]
Development of Nutrition Education Contents for Pregnant Women Based on Effective Communication Strategies
Taeksang Yoo, Young Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taisun Hyun
Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(2):115-126.   Published online April 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.2.115
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to develop communication strategies for effective nutrition education targeting pregnant women and to create nutrition education contents.
METHODS
The format and the contents of online resources on nutrition information for pregnant women provided by reliable institutions were analyzed. Possible solutions to overcome barriers of nutrition education as well as communication strategies for effective nutrition education were identified by a brainstorming process. Based on the communication strategies, contents for nutrition education were created. Understandability, level of interest, applicability to daily life, harmony of text and illustration, and overall satisfaction of the contents were evaluated by dietitians and pregnant women.
RESULTS
The four communication strategies were developed; (1) to focus on a few important messages, (2) to provide evidence-based information, (3) to create illustrations or infographics with a minimum amount of text, and (4) to provide tips on how to improve the current diet options. Based on these strategies, the contents were focused on three important nutrients for pregnant women, folate, iron, and calcium. The percentages of the recommended nutrient intakes of the three nutrients on selected menu and its improved version by adding a dish or changing a dish into another dish were calculated and provided. Finally, the contents were delivered as illustrations with a minimum amount of text. Overall, dietitians and pregnant women were satisfied with the contents.
CONCLUSIONS
The contents developed in this study can be used in a pamphlet or a pregnancy diary, or can be shared in social networking services. Further contents on other nutrients and various menu are expected to be developed using these communication strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women
    Young-Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taeksang Yoo, Taisun Hyun
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(3): 248.     CrossRef
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[English]
Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Their Association with Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Results for the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Misung Kim, Cheongmin Sohn
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(4):378-385.   Published online August 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.4.378
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the association between sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in Korean postmenopausal women.
METHODS
We analyzed data of 2,019 postmenopausal women aged 50-64 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008-2011 and were free of cardiovascular disease history. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured. We analyzed the serum concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Waist circumference was used to measure obesity. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body weight<1 standard deviation below the gender-specific means for healthy young adults. The estimated 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk was calculated by Pooled Cohort Equation. Subjects were classified as non-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity based on status of waist circumference and appendicular skeletal muscle mass.
RESULTS
The prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was 16.3% (n=317) and 18.3% (n=369), respectively. The 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk in the sarcopenic obesity group was higher (3.82 ± 0.22%) than the normal group (2.73 ± 0.09%) and sarcopenia group (3.17 ± 0.22%) (p < 0.000). The odd ratios (ORs) for the ≥7.5% 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk were significantly higher in the sarcopenic obesity group (OR 3.609, 95% CI: 2.030-6.417) compared to the sarcopenia group (OR 2.799, 95% CI: 1.463-5.352) (p for trend < 0.000) after adjusting for independent variables (i.e., exercise, period of menopausal, alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) score, income, education level, calorie intake, %fat intake and hormonal replacement therapy).
CONCLUSIONS
Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity appear to be associated with higher risk factors predicting the 10-year risks of cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. These findings imply that maintaining normal weight and muscle mass may be important for cardiovascular disease risk prevention in postmenopausal women.

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  • Comparison of Health Behavior Factors According to the Presence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Men: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018)
    Junya Kang, In-Kyung Jung
    Journal of Korean Association of Physical Education and Sport for Girls and Women.2024; 38(4): 201.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Possible Sarcopenia and Obesity on the Risk of Falls in Hospitalized Older Patients
    Kahyun Kim, Dukyoo Jung
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2023; 26(1): 18.     CrossRef
  • Association of Sarcopenia with Heart Rate Variability
    Jeong-Min Ji, Hyun-Min Koh, Ji-Yong Jang, Jin-Sook Moon, Hye-Rang Bak, Hye-Jin Jang, An-Na Lee, Nak-Gyeong Ko
    Korean Journal of Family Practice.2022; 12(5): 311.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Sarcopenia, Sarcopenic Obesity, and Sarcopenia Without Obesity in Older Adults
    Seo-hyun Kim, Chung-hwi Yi, Jin-seok Lim
    Physical Therapy Korea.2021; 28(3): 177.     CrossRef
  • Association among the Prevalence of Sarcopenia without Obesity, Nonsarcopenic Obesity, Sarcopenic Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Cancer Survivors: Based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Yoon J Park, Young M Lee
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2021; 8(6): 679.     CrossRef
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[English]
Perception on Optimal Diet, Diet Problems and Factors Related to Optimal Diet Among Young Adult Women Using Focus Group Interviews: Based on Social Cognitive Theory
Hye Jin Kim, A Reum Lee, Kyung Won Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(4):332-343.   Published online August 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.4.332
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Study purpose was to investigate perception on diet, diet problems and related factors among young adult women using focus group interviews (FGI) based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT).
METHODS
Eight groups of FGI were conducted with 47 female undergraduate or graduate students. Guide for FGI included questions regarding perception on optimal diet, diet problems and cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors of SCT. FGI were video, audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed by themes and sub-themes.
RESULTS
Subjects showed irregular eating habits (skipping breakfast, irregular meal time) and selection of unhealthy foods as the main diet problems. Regarding cognitive factors related to optimal diet, subjects mentioned positive outcome expectations (e.g., health promotion, skin health, improvement in eating habits, etc.) and negative outcome expectations (e.g., annoying, hungry, expensive, taste). Factors that promoted optimal diet were mainly received from information from mobile or internet and access to menu or recipes. Factors that prevented optimal diet included influence from friends, lack of time and cooking skills. Behavioral factors for optimal diet included behavioral capability regarding snacks, healthy eating and smart food selection. Subjects mentioned mass media (mobile, internet, TV) as the influential physical environment, and significant others (parents, friends, grandparents) as the influential social environment in optimal diet. For education topics, subjects wanted to learn about healthy meals, basic nutrition, disease and nutrition, and weight control. They wanted to learn those aspects by using mobile or internet, lectures (cooking classes), campaign and events.
CONCLUSIONS
Study results might be used for planning education regarding optimal diet for young adult women. Education programs need to focus on increasing positive outcome expectations (e.g., health) and behavioral capability for healthy eating and food selection, reducing negative outcome expectations (e.g., cost, taste) and barriers, making supportive environments for optimal diet, and incorporating topics and methods found in this study.

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  • Factors affecting sugar intake in adults based on the social cognitive theory
    Kilye Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(1): 120.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Need for Obesity Prevention Education Programs through Analysis of Factors Affecting Student Obesity Factors in Seoul during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Seoung Hi Kim, Seonyeong Baek, Min Jeong Choi, Sunny Ham
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2022; 32(3): 214.     CrossRef
  • Focus Group Interviews with U.S. Americans with Respect to Recipe and Sensory Characteristics of Seolgitteok (Korean Rice-Flour Cake)
    Han-Seok Seo, Sungeun Cho
    Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2018; 34(1): 15.     CrossRef
  • Meal Types by Cooking Method Consumed by Korean Adults according to Meal Provision Place: Using 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Mi-Kyung Choi
    Korean Journal of Food & Cookery Science.2017; 33(3): 264.     CrossRef
  • Utilization of Internet Dietary Information by University Students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Area
    Young Eun Kang, Sim Yeol Lee
    Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2016; 25(6): 811.     CrossRef
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[English]
Status of Maternal Nutrition in South and North Korea
Soh Yoon Yun, Young Hye Kwon, Jihyun Yoon
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(3):265-273.   Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.265
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study compared the nutritional status of child-bearing age women between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea).
METHODS
The data presented in the DPRK Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 was utilized for the nutritional status and food intake of North Korean women. To produce the South Korean women's data comparable to those of North Korean women, the data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed and the data presented in the 2010 Report of the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards were utilized.
RESULTS
The prevalence of maternal anemia (blood hemoglobin < 12.0 g/dL) was over 30% in all the age groups of North Korean women and 8.9%, 14.2%, 16.4% in 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 year old South Korean women, respectively. The prevalence of maternal protein-energy malnutrition (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference < 22.5 cm) was 25.2%, 21.4%, 21.8% in 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 year old North Korean women, respectively and less than 10% in all the age groups of South Korean women. Result of dietary diversity comparison showed that North Korean women consumed less food than South Korean women at all food groups: grains, fruits, vegetables, meat, and dairy. Percentage of North Korean women having consumed protein rich foods-meat and fish, eggs or dairy products-were much lower than those of South Korean women.
CONCLUSIONS
The striking disparity of nutritional status between South and North Korean women indicates that nutrition support for North Korean women is essential in the process of preparation for a unified nation.

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  • Nutritional status of North Koreans and related perceptions among South Korean adults
    Youngmin Nam, Jihyun Yoon
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(4): 288.     CrossRef
  • The Present and Future Status of Maternal and Child Health From the Perspective of Unification Medicine
    Ji Young Kim, Eun Saem Choi, Ki Hoon Ahn
    Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2022; 26(3): 132.     CrossRef
  • Timely Initiation of Complementary Feeding and Associated Factors among Mothers of Children Aged 6–24 Months in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia, 2019
    Atsedemariam Andualem, Afework Edmealem, Belachew Tegegne, Lehulu Tilahun, Yitayish Damtie, C. S. Johnston
    Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
  • Systematic review of evidence on public health in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
    John J Park, Ah-Young Lim, Hyung-Soon Ahn, Andrew I Kim, Soyoung Choi, David HW Oh, Owen Lee-Park, Sharon Y Kim, Sun Jae Jung, Jesse B Bump, Rifat Atun, Hee Young Shin, Kee B Park
    BMJ Global Health.2019; 4(2): e001133.     CrossRef
  • Frequently covered diseases in North Korean internal medicine journal Internal Medicine [Naegwa]—Secondary publication
    Shin Ha, Yo Han Lee
    Science Editing.2019; 6(2): 99.     CrossRef
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[English]
Diet and Health Status of Elderly Women According to the Family Type
Mi Kyeong Choi, Myung Hwa Kang, Mi Hyun Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(3):256-264.   Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.256
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the diet and health status of elderly women according to the family type.
METHODS
A total of 307 elderly women participated in this study were divided into one of three groups according to their family type: residing with spouse (RSP; n=88), residing with son or daughter (RSD; n=119), and residing alone (RAL; n=100). Chi-square test was used to assess dietary habits and health status of the subjects by the family types.
RESULTS
Results demonstrated significant associations between eating regular meals, person preparing meals, coffee intake, and bone fracture experience and family type. Among the three groups, the RSP and RAL groups had a higher percentage for preparing meals by themselves (p<0.001) than the RSD group. The RAL group had a lower percentage for eating regular meals (p<0.01) but a higher percentage for bone fracture experience (p<0.05) than the other groups. There were no significant differences in monthly allowance, self-estimated health status, physical activity, exercise, drinking, and dietary habits such as frequency of consumption of dairy, beans, eggs, fish, meat, fruits, and vegetables among the three groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that elderly women residing alone without a son, daughter, or spouse had more diet-related and health problems such as irregular meals and high bone fracture experience. These findings suggested that elderly women residing alone need more attention and support.

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  • Mental Health and Handgrip Strength Among Older Adults: A Nationwide Study
    Yeunhee Kwak, Yoonjung Kim
    INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Health and nutrition intake status of the Korean elderly according to their food security level: data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII), 2016–2018
    Ahreum Maeng, Jeehyun Lee, Eunju Yoon
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(2): 179.     CrossRef
  • Sex-Associated Differences in the Handgrip Strength of Elderly Individuals
    Yeunhee Kwak, Yoonjung Kim, Haekyung Chung
    Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(4): 262.     CrossRef
  • Social participation, health‐related behavior, and depression of older adults living alone in Korea
    Seojin Won, Hyemee Kim
    Asian Social Work and Policy Review.2020; 14(1): 61.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Nutrition Status and Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence of the Members according to the Number of Household Members based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014)
    Jin-Young Lee, Soo-Kyong Choi, Jung-Sook Seo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(3): 232.     CrossRef
  • Quality of life and subjective health status according to handgrip strength in the elderly: a cross-sectional study
    Yeunhee Kwak, Yoonjung Kim
    Aging & Mental Health.2019; 23(1): 107.     CrossRef
  • Eating alone and metabolic syndrome: A population-based Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014
    A Rom Kwon, Yeong Sook Yoon, Kyong Pil Min, Yoon Kyung Lee, Ji Ho Jeon
    Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.2018; 12(2): 146.     CrossRef
  • Effects of the Elderly's Health Statuses, Health Behavior, and Social Relations on Their Health-related Quality of Life: Focusing on Family Types
    Young Bum Kim, Seung-Hee Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(3): 310.     CrossRef
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[English]
A Study on the Body Composition, Physical Activity Level, Basal Metabolic Rate, and Daily Energy Expenditure of Elderly in Busan
Hwa Jae Lim
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(2):178-189.   Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.178
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study were to assess body composition, physical activity level (PAL), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and daily energy expenditure (DEE) and to examine associations between PAL and body composition, BMR, and DEE of elderly in Busan.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 226 elderly aged 65-93 years. Body composition was measured by Inbody 720. PAL was calculated by daily activity diary. BMR was calculated by Harris-Benedict (H-B) formula, Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) formula, and Inbody 720 measurement. DEE was calculated by H-B formula, DRI formula, Inbody 720 measurement, and estimated energy requirements (EER) formula.
RESULTS
The mean fat free mass (FFM) in elderly men was significantly higher than that in elderly women (p<0.001). The mean percent body fat and fat mass (FM) in elderly women were significantly greater than those in elderly men (p<0.001, p<0.001). The mean PAL in elderly men (1.59) was significantly higher than that in elderly women (1.53) (p<0.001). The mean DEEs calculated by 3 methods except for H-B formula in elderly men were higher than EER for elderly men (2000kcal). The mean DEEs calculated by 4 different methods in elderly women were higher than EER for elderly women (1600kcal). Age showed significantly negative correlations with height (p<0.001, p<0.001), FFM (p<0.001, p<0.001), BMRs calculated by H-B formula (p<0.001, p<0.001), DRI formula (p<0.001, p<0.001) and Inbody 720 measurement (p<0.05 p<0.01) and DEEs calculated by H-B formula (p<0.001, p<0.001), DRI formula (p<0.001, p<0.001), Inbody 720 measurement (p<0.05, p<0.05), and EER formula (p<0.001, p<0.001) in elderly men and elderly women. PAL showed significantly positive correlations with FFM (p<0.05), BMR by Inbody 720 measurement (p<0.05) in elderly men and negative correlations with FM (p<0.05) in elderly women.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results, PAL was associated with greater FFM in elderly men and lesser FM in elderly women. Therefore, nutritional education to increase physical activity for health promotion in late life is needed in the elderly.

Citations

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  • Effects of a Yoga Program Combined with a Mediterranean Diet on Nutritional Status and Functional Capacity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
    María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, María Rosalba Martín-Baute, María Isabel Ledesma-Cerrato, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero, Ana María González-Martín, Fidel Hita-Contreras, Javier Cano-Sánchez, Agustín Aibar-Almazán
    Nutrients.2024; 16(11): 1601.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Aquatic Group Exercise on Body Composition and Mental Health of Elderly Women
    Hae-An Ok
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2017; 12(1): 103.     CrossRef
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[English]
Dietary Behavior of Marriage Migrant Women according to Their Nationality in Multicultural Families
Jung Hyun Kim, Myung Hee Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):53-64.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.53
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Nowadays, the multicultural families make up significant portion of Korean population and communities. Successful re-settling in a new country can be difficult, particularly when there are disparities in dietary behavior compared to home country. The objective of the study was to investigate the dietary behavior of marriage migrant women according to their nationality in multicultural families.
METHODS
The primary research was conducted targeting 94 marriage migrant women who came from China (40.4%), Vietnam (26.6%), and other countries except for Japan (33.0%). We investigated their dietary behavior, such as eating attitude and food choice behavior for Korea acculturation. We also studied dietary behavior among 14 selected subjects who had high level of integration and assimilation acculturation patterns by administering the Focus Group Interview (FGI).
RESULTS
The multicultural families had more integration acculturation patterns, which could have been influenced by their nationality. Vietnamese origin has the highest cultural adaptation as marginalization pattern. The common types of Korea acculturation were integration (3.03 +/- 1.08), separation (3.10 +/- 0.59), marginalization (3.10 +/- 0.58), followed by assimilation (2.84 +/- 0.51). There were significant differences in the four types of acculturation by marriage immigrant women's country of origin (p<0.05). According to dietary behavior, 'eliminating hunger' was the most important value in a meal. Chinese marriage migrant women, who had higher level of food intake attitude significantly, also considered 'being healthy' an important value. Regarding food choice behavior, Vietnamese had lowest frequency of homeland food intake. Most of marriage immigrant women were satisfied with the Korean food, and need for education was very high with interest for cooking, good nutrition, and managing their children's dietary life.
CONCLUSIONS
Coping with a change in dietary behavior is one of the biggest transitional difficulties, and family members may need support to find their familiar food items and to continue their cultural food choice behavior in the local areas. Further researches with quantitative and qualitative analysis are needed to understand the effect of dietary behavior for acculturation in multicultural families.

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  • Economic Aspirations and Vietnamese Interest in Korean Matrimony
    Nguyen Duy Quynh, Nguyen Nghi Thanh
    Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review.2025; 5(2): e03215.     CrossRef
  • Development and Application of Customized Nutrition Education Content Using Personas for Married Immigrant Women: Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Social Cognitive Theory
    Sil-Ah Kim, Min-Ah Kim, Seung-Ah Kim, Ji-Yun Hwang
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2025; 54(7): 614.     CrossRef
  • Prejudice and discrimination experienced by high-skilled migrants in their daily lives: Focus group interviews with Tokyo metropolitan area residents
    Jiwon Shin, Hwajin Lim, Jiyeon Shin
    Asian Journal of Social Science.2024; 52(1): 17.     CrossRef
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    Ulya Ardina, Su-In Yoon, Jin Ah Cho
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(2): 228.     CrossRef
  • A relationship between food environment and food insecurity in households with immigrant women residing in the Seoul metropolitan area
    Sung-Min Yook, Ji-Yun Hwang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(3): 264.     CrossRef
  • Experience of reorganizing life in married immigrant women with chronic disease; With three Asian countries at the center
    Soon-Mi Cheon
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(1): 15.     CrossRef
  • The Food Delivery App Information Design Suggestion for Foreigners in South Korea
    Diana Iziiatullina, Jinyeon Shin, Aygul Akhmetova, Soojin Park
    Journal of Multimedia Information System.2022; 9(4): 327.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Korean Dietary Life Adaptation of Married Female Immigrants
    Jeong-Sook Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(2): 103.     CrossRef
  • Effects of the Culturally Sensitive Education of Perinatal Care on Knowledge, Skills, and Self-Efficacy among Korean Husbands and Vietnamese Wives
    Youngmee Kim, Kap-Chul Cho
    Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 515.     CrossRef
  • Qualitative Consumer Preference Studies on Korean-style Kimchi in Chinese Living in Korea
    Mi-Ai Lee, Yun-Jeong Choi, Mina K. Kim
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2017; 27(2): 185.     CrossRef
  • Food intake and nutritional status of female marriage immigrants residing in Gwangju, Korea
    Eun Ju Yang, Jin Mo Khil
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(5): 358.     CrossRef
  • Dietary behaviors of female marriage immigrants residing in Gwangju, Korea
    Eun Ju Yang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(3): 179.     CrossRef
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[English]
Health Status Assessment Tool Development based on Dietary Patterns in Middle-Aged Women
Hye Jin Lee, Kyung Hea Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):37-52.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.37
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to develop an assessment tool for middle aged women's health status based on dietary patterns, which will have practical applications in the working field of health and hygiene, aiming at improving the middle aged women's quality of life through their health improvement.
METHODS
As a first step, a literature review was conducted and the original data of '2008~2009 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey' were reanalyzed. This analysis identified 65 preliminary questions that may be relevant to the study. After verifying the content validity by experts, the 65 questions were reduced into 51 questions. In order to secure higher validity of the candidate items, verification of their clinical validity was conducted among women aged between 45 and 60 years. Finally, an assessment tool was developed by applying weight and scoring.
RESULTS
Selected 51 questions were used to verify clinical validity and the results showed that 20 questions were relevant, nine questions ('regular meal time', 'regular amount of meal', 'intake frequency of dairy products', 'intake frequency of fruits', 'intake frequency of meat products', 'intake frequency of high cholesterol foods', 'intake frequency of salty foods', 'appetite', 'eat breakfast everyday') were related to dietary life. Eleven other questions ('self-rated health status', 'deep sleep', 'smoking', 'frequency of drinking', 'stress levels', 'health-related fitness levels', 'pounding of the heart', 'strange feelings on the skin', 'interfere with daily life', 'menopause will bring you a chance to see the life in a different perspective', and 'body mass index') were selected as valid questions. For the response scale for each question, 5 point Likert scale was used to make total 100 point score.
CONCLUSIONS
This study is the first attempt to develop a health status assessment tool for middle aged women based on their dietary patterns. We conclude that this tool is expected to be a useful and practical tool in the field.

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  • Food consumption frequency of Korean adults based on whether or not having chewing difficulty using 2013–2016 KNHANES by sex-stratified comparative analysis
    Mi Jeong Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2020; 14(6): 637.     CrossRef
  • Field Application and Evaluation of Health Status Assessment Tool based on Dietary Patterns for Middle-Aged Women
    Hye-Jin Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(4): 277.     CrossRef
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[English]
Analysis of Weight Control Behaviors by Body Image Perception among Korean Women in Different Age Groups: Using the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Young Suk Lim, Na Ri Park, Su Bin Jeon, So Yeon Jeong, Zuunnast Tserendejid, Hae Ryun Park
Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(2):141-150.   Published online April 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.2.141
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Self perceived body image among women is drawing a lot of attention in Korea due to their unhealthy weight control behaviors. To determine the relationship between self-perceived body image and dietary behaviors among Korean women, the discrepancy between actual body size and body image perception, weight control behaviors were assessed based on age groups using the 2010 KNHANES data.
METHODS
A total of 1,747 subjects were selected after eliminating those of likely changing their diet recently using the 2010 KNHANES data. The subjects were divided into 3 groups, self-underweight, self-normal, and self-obese according to their perception of body image. The BMI and weight control behaviors were assessed based on age groups according to the body image perception.
RESULTS
The younger, the higher ratio of underweight, women perceived their body size as normal or overweight. Exercise and reduced food intakes were dominant among various weight control methods but unhealthy methods were dominant among self perceived overweight group.
CONCLUSIONS
Incorrect body image perception and unhealthy weight control behaviors can cause nutritional problems. Nutritional education should emphasize the importance of healthy weight and proper body image perception for Korean women.

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    Myeunghee Han
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The impact of weight loss diet programs on anemia, nutrient deficiencies, and organ dysfunction markers among university female students: A cross-sectional study
    Osama Y. Althunibat, Sultan Ayesh Mohammed Saghir, Saleem Hmoud Aladaileh, Atikah Rawadieh
    Electronic Journal of General Medicine.2023; 20(1): em436.     CrossRef
  • Obesity-Status-Linked Affecting Factors of Dyslipidemia in Korean Young-Adult Men: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2021)
    Min Kwon, Jinheum Kim, Eunjeong Cha
    Healthcare.2023; 11(14): 2015.     CrossRef
  • Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Adult Men and Women with Distorted Perception of Weight Status: Nationwide Surveys (KNHANES 2016–2018)
    Su-Jin Lee, Min-Gyu Lim, Jung hee Kim, Chulyong Park, YoungJi Ko, Myung-Gwan Kim, Chul-Hyun Kim, Aeryoung Kim, Jong-Moon Hwang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(16): 10417.     CrossRef
  • Consumption of Weight-control or Health Functional Foods, Dietary Habits, and Weight Perceptions According to the Body Mass Index of Adult Women in the Chungcheong Area
    Gayoung Seong, Munkyong Pae
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(2): 81.     CrossRef
  • What are the correlates of body image distortion and dissatisfaction among school-adolescents?
    Houda Ben Ayed, Sourour Yaich, Maissa Ben Jemaa, Mariem Ben Hmida, Maroua Trigui, Jihene Jedidi, Imen Sboui, Raouf Karray, Habib Feki, Yosra Mejdoub, Mondher Kassis, Jamel Damak
    International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Biochemical Index, Nutrition Label Use, and Weight Control Behavior in Female Adolescents: Using the 2010 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Mi-Ja Choi, Hyun-Ju Jo, Mi-Kyung Kim
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2020; 9(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • The effects of body mass index and body shape perceptions of South Korean adults on weight control behaviors; Correlation with quality of sleep and residence of place
    Nam E Kang, Seung Ju Kim, Yoon Sin Oh, Se-Eun Jang
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2020; 14(2): 160.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing disordered eating behavior based on the theory of triadic influence
    Jee Hee Han, Sun Ah Kim, Sue Kim, Jin Young Park
    Perspectives in Psychiatric Care.2019; 55(3): 366.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of factors affecting weight control experiences by perception types of body shape
    Yeo Jeong Gu, Jae Yeon Jeong, Ji Yun Jeong, Hae Jong Lee
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2019; 36(4): 77.     CrossRef
  • Relationships between Obesity, Body Image Perception, and Weight Control in Adult Women
    Hyunju Chae
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(2): 129.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between body image and weight status in east Asian countries: comparison between South Korea and Taiwan
    Jin-Won Noh, Young Dae Kwon, Youngmi Yang, Jooyoung Cheon, Jinseok Kim
    BMC Public Health.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Association of Food Label Use with Objective and Subjective Obesity among a Korean Population
    In Sook Lee, Kowoon Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(3): 262.     CrossRef
  • The association of body image distortion with weight control behaviors, diet behaviors, physical activity, sadness, and suicidal ideation among Korean high school students: a cross-sectional study
    Jounghee Lee, Youngmin Lee
    BMC Public Health.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Weight Control Behaviors, Health-related Quality of Life and Nutritional Status by Overestimation of Body Image among Young Korean Females: Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2011
    Seulki Park, Taisun Hyun, Hongmie Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(5): 362.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of Body Image and Dietary Behavior in Middle and High School girls in Gyeongbuk Area
    Hye-Jin Kim, Kyung-A Lee
    Korean journal of food and cookery science.2015; 31(4): 497.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Self-resilience on Dietary Management in Middle School Students
    Yunhwa Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(6): 399.     CrossRef
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[English]
Vitamin D intake, Outdoor Activity Time and Serum 25-OH Vitamin D Concentrations of Korean Postmenopausal Women by Season and by Age
Jin Sook Yoon, Min Kyoung Song
Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(2):120-128.   Published online April 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.2.120
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine the relative impact of seasonal differences and age on dietary vitamin D intakes, outdoor activity time and serum vitamin D status among Korean postmenopausal women.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 164 free-living postmenopausal women (mean age=55.4 years) in Daegu, Korea. Dietary intake, daily physical activity patterns and fasting blood samples were collected during summer and winter. We compared the results from 75 women during summer and 89 women during winter. Dietary intake of vitamin D was assessed by 24-hour recall method. Daily outdoor activity time was derived from physical activity diary.
RESULTS
The average dietary intake of vitamin D of the participants was 3.7 microg during summer, 3.3 microg during winter, showing no significant difference between the two seasons. The average time spent on outdoor activities was not significantly different between summer (=35.1 +/- 75.0 min/d) and winter (=48.5 +/- 76.8 min/d). The average serum 25-(OH) vitamin D concentrations of participants was 17.5 +/- 7.5 ng/mL in the summer and 13.4 +/- 4.3 ng/mL in the winter, showing no significant differences by season. Dietary intake of vitamin D was not related to age. When total subjects were divided into two groups by age, the average serum 25-(OH) vitamin D concentration was significantly higher in older group (p=0.047) and time spent on outdoor activities was also (p=0.018) significantly higher in the older group.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to improve the current vitamin D status of Korean postmenopausal women, nutrition education programs should focus more on adequate intake of vitamin D, while maintaining enough outdoor activities over the season.

Citations

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  • Vitamin D intake and bone mineral density in Korean adults: analysis of the 2009–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Hyejin You, Hye Ran Shin, SuJin Song, Sun Yung Ly
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2022; 16(6): 775.     CrossRef
  • Differences in serum ferritin and vitamin D levels of Korean women with obesity and severe obesity
    Nan Hui Kang, Ji Sook Park, Hongchan Lee, Jung-Eun Yim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(4): 381.     CrossRef
  • Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Inversely Associated with Risk of Low Bone Mineral Density in Older Korean Men
    Inhwan Lee, Jeonghyeon Kim, Hyunsik Kang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 7907.     CrossRef
  • Association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia among Korean adolescent girls and young women
    Haeun Jang, Seonghee Park, Kyong Park
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(6): 552.     CrossRef
  • Sex- and age group-specific associations between intakes of dairy foods and pulses and bone health in Koreans aged 50 years and older: Based on 2008~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Hyun-Bi Seo, Young-Sun Choi
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(3): 165.     CrossRef
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[English]
The Effects of Low-sodium Diet Education Program on Dietary Habits, Diet Quality and Obesity Index in Overweight and Obese Middle-aged Women
Soo Bin Jeong, Seoyun Park, Sohyun Ahn, Jin Nam Kim, Hye Kyeong Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(6):513-526.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.6.513
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of low sodium diet education program on dietary habits, diet quality, and measures of obesity in overweight or obese middle-aged women.
METHODS
Subjects were 81 individuals aged 45 years or over, who completed an 8-week nutrition education. The subjects were divided into a normal group (N = 30) and an overweight-obese group (N = 51) according to the BMI. The effects were evaluated by anthropometric measurement, biochemical analysis, questionnaire, and diet records before and after the program.
RESULTS
Overweight-obese group showed significant decreases in weight (p < 0.0001), BMI (p < 0.0001), percent of body fat (p = 0.0087), waist circumference (p < 0.0001), systolic (p = 0.0003) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0261). Nutrients intakes were not different between the two groups and only sodium intake was decreased after education. Total score of general dietary habits, dietary behavior related to sodium intake, dietary diversity score (DDS), diet variety score (DVS), and diet quality index-international (DQI-I) were improved in both groups compared to the baseline. Overweight-obese group showed significant improvement in 'having fruits everyday', 'having fish everyday', 'trying to eat many kinds of food', 'eating less broth when eating soup, stew, and noodles', 'eating less kimchi and salt-fermented vegetable', and 'propensity to think that dishes should be pretty seasoned'. In addition, moderation of empty calories food (p = 0.0064) and macronutrient ratio (p = 0.0004) were improved in the overweigh-obese group, but in the normal group, the results did not reach statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggested that low sodium diet education program may contribute to obesity management by improving diet quality and dietary habits in middle-aged women.
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[English]
The relationship between Intake of Health Foods and Dietary Behavior in Middle-Aged Women
Mi Hee Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Mi Jeong Kim, Kyung Hea Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(5):436-447.   Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.5.436
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the health food consumption patterns and their relationship to dietary behavior in middle-aged women (45-60 years).
METHODS
The exclusive face-to-face interviews by well-trained interviewers guaranteed a scientific data collection and the quality of survey data of 731 women. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the intake of the health foods, 'Intake' group (> or = 3.2, n = 488) and 'Non-intake' group (n = 243). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program.
RESULTS
The average age of the subjects was 49.8 years and 66.8% of subjects were taking the health foods. Vitamins and minerals were consumed by the subjects. The major reason for intake of health foods was that they provide nutrient supplements may prevent diseases. More than 70% of the subjects reported checking nutrition information, ingredients, recommended daily intakes, instructions, when they bought the health foods. The average dietary life score of the intake group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the non-intake group. In analysis of exploratory factors of dietary life, the intake group showed significantly higher score (p < 0.001) in 'moderation of food intake' among the 4 exploratory factors.
CONCLUSIONS
These results showed that women who took health foods had better dietary behavior than others suggesting a positive relation between the dietary behavior and the health food consumption. Therefore, we suggest that developing guidelines and then educating women about those guidelines could improve the ability of choosing health foods appropriately for their own benefit.

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  • Association of milk and dairy product consumption with the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence in middle-aged and older Korean adults: a 16-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
    Yeseung Jeong, Kyung Won Lee, Hyekyeong Kim, Yuri Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1225.     CrossRef
  • The Association between 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Score Calculated Using 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level among Aged 40–79 Years in Korea: The Sixth K
    Mun Hee Kim, Young Sang Kim, Hye Jin Oh, Yu Ri Kwon, Hye Won Kim
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2018; 39(3): 174.     CrossRef
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[English]
Seasonal Differences in Outdoor Activity Time and Serum 25-(OH) Vitamin D Status of Korean Young Women
Jin Sook Yoon, Min Kyoung Song
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(3):231-240.   Published online June 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.3.231
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was intended to examine the seasonal differences in outdoor activity times and dietary vitamin D intakes, and explicates their relative impact on improving serum 25-(OH) vitamin D status among Korean young women.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 135 free-living women aged 19-39 years in Daegu-Kyungbook, Korea. We compared the results from 52 women for the summer and 83 women for the winter. Dietary intake of vitamin D was assessed by 24 hour recall method for non-consecutive three days as well as by food frequency method. Daily outdoor activity times were derived from 24 hour physical activity diary.
RESULTS
The average dietary intake of vitamin D of the participants by 24 hour recall method was 3.1 microg during the summer, 3.3 microg during the winter, showing no significant difference between the two seasons. Times spent on outdoor activities (p < 0.01) in the summer (= 23.8 +/- 23.6 min) were much longer than that in the winter (= 10.8 +/- 13.4 min). The serum 25-(OH) vitamin D levels of participants were 17.5 +/- 7.5 ng/mL in the summer and 13.4 +/- 4.3 ng/mL in the winter, showing that the latter was significantly lower than that of the former (p < 0.001). The serum 25-(OH) vitamin D levels of subjects were positively related to outdoor activities (r = 0.315, p < 0.05) during the summer, while related to dietary intake (r = 0.252, p < 0.05) during the winter.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to improve the current vitamin D status of Korean young women, nutrition education programs should focus on increasing more dietary intake especially during the winter, and performing more outdoor activities in other seasons.

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  • Vitamin D intake, Outdoor Activity Time and Serum 25-OH Vitamin D Concentrations of Korean Postmenopausal Women by Season and by Age
    Jin-Sook Yoon, Min-Kyoung Song
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(2): 120.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between Physical Growth and Major Sources of Serum Vitamin D among Hospitalized Children of Changwon City
    Haeyoung Kang, Eunsil Her, Kyung-Hea Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(3): 197.     CrossRef
  • Association between serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms among female workers in the manufacturing industry
    Soon Il Kwon, Jun Seok Son, Young Ouk Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Ja Hyun Kim, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Jun Ick Jung
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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[English]
Health-related Factors and Nutritional Status in Shift-workers at Coffee Shops: Focused on Single Women in Twenties in Seoul
Seung Lim Lee, Soo Jin Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(5):467-477.   Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.5.467
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study examined the health-related factors and nutritional status of 89 single women workers in their 20's who work night and day shift at the take-out coffee shops and the 89 single women office workers. The results of the study are summarized as follows: The shift-workers showed lower rate of office tenure (p < 0.001), income (p < 0.001), job satisfaction (p < 0.05), weight (p < 0.05), and higher rate of weight change (p < 0.001) than the non shift-workers. The shift-workers showed lower rate of of exercise (p < 0.001), sleeping hours (p < 0.01), and good health condition (p < 0.01), and higher rates of smoking (p < 0.001), presence of disease (p < 0.001), gastric and intestinal illnesses (p < 0.001) than the non shift-workers. More than 88.8% of the shift workers answered that they ate alone (p < 0.001). The shift workers showed lower rate of regularity of meal (p < 0.001), balanced diet (p < 0.001), and mealtime (p < 0.001), and higher rate of skipping breakfast (p < 0.001), consumption of salty and spicy food (p < 0.001), and overeating (p < 0.01) than the non shift-workers. The shift workers consumed (p < 0.001) less frequently rice, soup and side dishes, and more frequently noodles and snack, bread than the non-shift-workers. The shift workers showed lower rate of consumption of beer (p < 0.01), and higher rate of consumption of coffee (p < 0.001), tea (p < 0.01) and soju (p < 0.001) in once a week or more intakes than the non-shift-workers. The shift workers showed higher rate of consumption of carbohydrates (p < 0.05), and calcium (p < 0.05) and lower rate of consumption of protein (p < 0.05), fiber (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.05), and folate (p < 0.05) intakes than the non-shift-workers.

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  • A Qualitative Study of the Awareness and Influencing Factors of the Dietary Habits of the Male and Female Workers' at a Manufacturing Facility in Gwangju
    Ji Suk Yim, Young-Ran Heo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(1): 12.     CrossRef
  • Diet Pattern and Nutritional Status of Women Working in Call Centers of India
    Meenakshi Mathur, Monika Harsh, Sumita Mathur
    ETP International Journal of Food Engineering.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The relationships between dietary behavior and health related factors according to shift work in nurses
    Ji-Myung Kim, Bok-Hee Kang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2014; 47(6): 416.     CrossRef
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[English]
Factors Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Korean Postmenopausal Women Aged 50 Years and Above: Using 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Son Ok Mun, Jihye Kim, Yoon Jung Yang
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(2):177-186.   Published online April 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.2.177
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. The data from 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for data analysis. Subjects were 2,701 postmenopausal women aged > or = 50 years. BMDs at whole body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary data from 24-hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire containing 63 food items were used. The proportions of osteopenia at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 37.4%, 54.5%, and 45.4%, respectively. The proportions of osteoporosis at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 6.2%, 25.6%, and 34.3%, respectively. Age, anthropometric index including height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI), parathyroid hormone, and physical activity were related to BMD, but the relationships were site specific. Total femur BMD was explained by age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of carbohydrate and fruits. Femoral neck BMD was related to age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of riboflavin and fruits. Lumbar spine BMD was associated with age, weight, milk and dairy products, calcium intake, and exercise. These results indicated that adequate intakes of milk and dairy products, fruits, carbohydrate, calcium, riboflavin and exercise as well as weight maintenance might play an important role in maintaining optimum bone health in Korean postmenopausal women.

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    Current Medical Imaging Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ji Soo Kim, Seung-Won Oh, Jiwoo Kim
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    Su-Hyeon Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Sin-Gon Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(5): 449.     CrossRef
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    Yeon Soo Baik, Jee Won Park, Jihye Kim, Won Gyoung Kim, Sohee Oh, Sung-il Cho, Yeong Wook Song, Kichul Shin
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    Jinhee Kim, Yunhwan Lee, Seunghee Kye, Yoon‐Sok Chung, Okhee Lee
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    Hye-Sang Lee
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    Hye-Sang Lee
    Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2016; 22(2): 106.     CrossRef
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    Sun-Hyoung Ryu, Yoon Suk Suh
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  • Sex- and age group-specific associations between intakes of dairy foods and pulses and bone health in Koreans aged 50 years and older: Based on 2008~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Hyun-Bi Seo, Young-Sun Choi
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(3): 165.     CrossRef
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    Hye Seung Lee, Ji Ho Chang, Hyeon Jeong Lee, So Jeong Park, Eun Hee Kang
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(1): 61.     CrossRef
  • Problems with Bone Health and the Influencing Factors of Bone Mineral Density in Women across the Life Cycle
    Nami Chun, Hyunju Chae
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(1): 43.     CrossRef
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    Kyu In Kwak, Jae Hui Kang, Yun Joo Kim, Hyun Lee
    The Acupuncture.2014; 31(3): 25.     CrossRef
  • Various Factors Affecting the Bone Mineral Density in Korean Young Adult Women: Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010~2011
    Kwang-Hyun Jho, Soon-Nam Choi, Nam-Yong Chung
    Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2014; 20(2): 110.     CrossRef
  • Association of Anthropometric and Biochemical Factors with Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adult Women Data from the Fourth (2008~2009) and Fifth (2010~2011) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV & V)
    Soon-Nam Choi, Kwang-Hyun Jho, Nam-Yong Chung
    Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2014; 20(3): 157.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Index and Nutrient Intakes of 30-70 Years Old Women: Based on 2011 KNHANES
    Jae Ok Koo, Myung Sook Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(4): 328.     CrossRef
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Calcium Status and Bone Mineral Density by the Level of Sodium Intake in Young Women
Jin Sook Yoon, Mi Jung Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(2):125-133.   Published online April 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.2.125
AbstractAbstract PDF
Previous studies have shown that sodium excretion is positively related to calcium excretion in the urine. As excessive sodium intake is a common nutritional problem in Korea, we intended to investigate associations among sodium intake levels and calcium status, evaluated by 24 hour recall method and urinary excretion, and bone status. We collected dietary information for non-consecutive three days from 139 young adult women 19~29 years. After classifying the subjects into 4 groups based on the dietary sodium levels by daily total sodium intake (mg) and sodium density (sodium intake per 1000 kcal energy intake), we compared the bone status, nutrient intakes, urinary calcium and sodium excretions. The results showed a positive association between total daily sodium intake and intake of other nutrients. However, no significant differences in nutrients intakes were observed among subject groups classified by sodium density levels. There were no significant differences of bone density among groups by total daily sodium intake as well as by sodium density. While total daily sodium intake showed significantly positive relationship with urinary sodium (p < 0.05) and calcium (p < 0.05), sodium density was not related to urinary excretion of calcium and sodium. Our results suggested that promoting balanced meals providing appropriate amounts of energy intake is the essential component of nutrition education for improving calcium status of young Korean women with excessive sodium intake.

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    Youngmi Lee, Sooyoun Kwon, Meeyoung Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(4): 812.     CrossRef
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    Seo Hyeon Ahn, Seong Yeong Kim
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  • Association between Sodium Excretion and Obesity of Adults in Gwangju
    Mijin Jo, Young-Ran Heo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(1): 38.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Nutrient Intakes and Anthropometric Values, and Bone Mineral Density of Pre- and Post-menopausal Women in the Gyeongnam Area
    Mi-Young Park, Hae-Jin Park, Sung-Hee Kim
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2018; 28(6): 432.     CrossRef
  • Quality Characteristics of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) Jangachi Prepared with Different Vinegars
    Hye Gyoung Song, Hyun Sook Jung
    Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2018; 34(5): 441.     CrossRef
  • Health and nutritional status of Korean underweight women in their twenties: Based on the 2010~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Sa Rang Jeong, Sunghee Kim, Yoon Jung Yang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(2): 99.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Obesity and Nutritional Status by Age among Low-income Women aged over 20  -Using Data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-
    Hee-Kyung Jang
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2015; 25(2): 246.     CrossRef
  • Nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes, nutrition behavior, self-efficacy of childcare center foodservice employees by stages of behavioral change in reducing sodium intake
    Yun Ahn, Kyung Won Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Jinwon Pyun, Ikhyun Yeo, Kisun Nam
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(5): 429.     CrossRef
  • Survey on Nutrition Knowledge, Food Behaviors, and Food Frequency of Sodium Intake in Korean University Students
    Hee-Ok Pak
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2015; 25(1): 12.     CrossRef
  • Contents of Sodium and Potassium for Restaurant Dishes in Seoul
    Mi-ra Jang, Mi-sun Hong, Bu-chuhl Choi, Sung-hee Han, Kyeong-ah Lee, Li-la Kim, Jib-ho Lee, Jung-hun Kim, Kweon Jung
    Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety.2015; 30(2): 189.     CrossRef
  • Nutrition knowledge, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and eating behaviors by calcium intake level in Korean female college students
    Min Ju Kim, Kyung Won Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2015; 9(5): 530.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of Salty Taste Assessment, Dietary Attitude and Dietary Behavior among Adult and Senior Women by Region and by Age in Korea
    Lin Jiang, Yun-Young Jung, Hyung-Sook Kim, Gi-Seon Nam, Jin-Sook Yun, Jong-Wook Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(2): 109.     CrossRef
  • Selection of the Coagulant for Processing and Identification of Antibacterial Activity on Foodborn Pathogens of Konjac Jelly
    Jae-In Sim, Seon-Jeong Choi, Jae-Hyun Jeong, Ung-Kyu Choi
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2014; 27(4): 699.     CrossRef
  • Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers and Factors associated with Bone Health in Young Korean Women
    Young-Joo Park, Sook Ja Lee, Nah-Mee Shin, Hyunjeong Shin, Yoo-Kyung Kim, Yunjung Cho, Songi Jeon, Inhae Cho
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(5): 504.     CrossRef
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[English]
A Study on the Sodium and Potassium Intakes and Urinary Excretion of Adults in Busan
Hwa Jae Lim
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(6):737-751.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.6.737
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study was to assess sodium and potassium intakes and urinary excretion of adults in Busan and to evaluate the relationship of urinary sodium/potassium excretion (UNa/UK) to the status of anthropometric, blood pressure, urine analysis, and nutrient intake of subjects. Nutrient intake by 24-h recall, 24-h UNa/UK were measured with 87 adults aged 20-59 yrs (42 men and 45 women). The mean intakes of sodium and potassium were 3915.4 mg and 3093.9 mg, respectively. The mean 24-h UNa/UK was 3457.0/1680.4 mg. UNa showed significant positive correlations with sodium intake (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), sodium/potassium ratio (p < 0.001, p < 0.01), UK (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), and UNa/UK ratio (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) in men and women and with age, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure in women (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05). The UK showed significant positive correlations sodium intake (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), UNa (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) in men and women and with sodium density in men (p < 0.001) and with age, intakes of protein and potassium in women (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05). Mean SBP was lowest in the second quartile and highest in the fourth quartile of UNa. Mean UNa in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 2821.1 mg, 3621.3 mg, and 5456.4 mg, respectively. Mean SBP in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 115.8 mmHg, 120.7 mmHg, and 125.9 mmHg, respectively. Based on the results, UNa was related to sodium intake, UK, and SBP. We conclude that nutritional education for the reduction of high sodium intake is needed in the general population to prevent and control adverse blood pressure levels.

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  • Comparison between 24-hour diet recall and 24-hour urine collection for estimating sodium and potassium intakes and their ratio among Korean adults
    Taisun Hyun, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Young-Ran Heo, Heekyong Ro, Young-Hee Han, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(2): 284.     CrossRef
  • Association between Sodium Excretion and Obesity of Adults in Gwangju
    Mijin Jo, Young-Ran Heo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(1): 38.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of Sources of Sodium and Potassium Intake by Gender, Age and Regions in Koreans: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2012
    Yang-hee Park, Sang-Jin Chung
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(6): 558.     CrossRef
  • Salt Preference and Sodium Intake among Pregnant Women
    Mi Jeung Im, Dong Sook Cho
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(4): 297.     CrossRef
  • Processing and Characteristics of Snacks Make from Extrusion Rice Oryza sativa and Dried Shrimp Acetes chinensis
    Hae-Soo Je, Kyung-Hun Kang, Hee-Bum Jung, Si-Young Park, Young-Mi Kang, Tae-Jong Seoung, Jae-Dong Lee, Jin-Hyo Park, Jeong-Gyun Kim
    Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.2016; 49(3): 293.     CrossRef
  • Contents of Sodium and Potassium for Restaurant Dishes in Seoul
    Mi-ra Jang, Mi-sun Hong, Bu-chuhl Choi, Sung-hee Han, Kyeong-ah Lee, Li-la Kim, Jib-ho Lee, Jung-hun Kim, Kweon Jung
    Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety.2015; 30(2): 189.     CrossRef
  • Nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes, nutrition behavior, self-efficacy of childcare center foodservice employees by stages of behavioral change in reducing sodium intake
    Yun Ahn, Kyung Won Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Jinwon Pyun, Ikhyun Yeo, Kisun Nam
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(5): 429.     CrossRef
  • Nutrient Intake Status of Male and Female University Students in Chuncheon Area
    Yoon-Sun Kim, Bok-Ran Kim
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(12): 1856.     CrossRef
  • The Risk of Metabolic Syndrome by Dietary Patterns of Middle-aged Adults in Gyeonggi Province
    You-Sin Lee, Moo-Yong Lee, Sim-Yeol Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(6): 527.     CrossRef
  • Benefits of potassium intake on metabolic syndrome: The fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV)
    Doosup Shin, Hee-Kyung Joh, Kyae Hyung Kim, Sang Min Park
    Atherosclerosis.2013; 230(1): 80.     CrossRef
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[English]
Characteristics of the Health Factors in 45~60 Year Old Korean Women related to Menopausal Stages: Based on 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hye Jin Lee, Kwang Hyun Cho, Kyung Hea Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(4):450-462.   Published online August 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.4.450
AbstractAbstract PDF
We analyzed data from the combined 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to compare the health factors related to menopausal stages in 45~60 year old Korean women. In this study, we classified the subjects into a premenopausal group (n = 439) and a postmenopausal group (n = 683). In the postmenopausal group, age was higher (p < 0.001), monthly income (p < 0.01) and education levels (p < 0.001) were significantly lower than in the premenopausal group. Body fat % and waist circumferences were also higher in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group. The serum glucose (p < 0.05), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglyceride (p < 0.001), GOT (p < 0.001), GPT (p < 0.001) in the postmenopausal group were higher than in the premenopausal group. The postmenopausal group showed a significantly lower quality of life compared to the premenopausal group (p < 0.01). With regard to dietary quality, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and niacin in the postmenopausal group were significantly lower than in the premenopausal group. The levels of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride showed a significantly positive correlation with age, waist circumferences, body fat % and BMI. The 45~60 year old Korean women in this study showed high levels of obesity and serum lipids. Also, intakes of the vitamins and minerals of the women did not meet the level of Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. Therefore, nutritional risk may be high in the women, especially in postmenopausal women. In order to prevent the health risk, women's health care including the quality of the meal should be considered.

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  • Analysis of Physical Characteristics and Nutrient Intakes according to Menopause and Number of Years Passed Using National Health and Nutrition Survey (2013-2019) Data
    Su Gyung Kim, Bok-Mi Jung
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2023; 34(2): 235.     CrossRef
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[English]
Analysis of Body Composition, Dietary Behaviors and Life style of 30~50 year old Women Living in Seoul
Jae Ok Koo, Seoyun Park
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(4):440-449.   Published online August 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.4.440
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of body composition, and to analyze its relationship to dietary behaviors and life style. The study subjects were divided into 3 age groups; 30' years (n = 78) 40' years (n = 71) and 50' years (n = 44). The data was collected by physical measurement (Inbody 230) and questionnaires. The rate of disease and general characteristics were higher in the 50 year old group than in the other groups. Average amount of body water, protein, mineral and body fat were 29.0 kg (50.4%), 7.7 kg (13.4%), 2.8 kg (4.8%), 18.7 kg (31.5%), respectively. The rate of menopause was significantly different with increasing age. Menopause was 1.3%, 9.1%, 79.6% by age respectively. Body fat percent was significantly increased and body water decreased with age (p < 0.01). The fat composition was higher and the mineral content was lower in 50' year old group. Dietary behavior scores of 30' year old group was significant lower than in the other two groups (p < 0.001). The means of salty eating, skipping meals, fruit intake and food habits total point were significantly higher in the 50 year old group than in the other groups. There were significant positive correlations between age, BMI, waist hip ratio respectively (p < 0.01). There were significant negative correlations between age and body water, body mineral, skeletal muscle (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The results of this study suggested that nutritional management and education for adult women differ by age group.

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  • The Impacts of Dietary Habits on Self-perceived Health-related Physical Fitness in Middle-aged Women -Focused on Changwon Province-
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    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2014; 43(6): 916.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Diet Quality according to Self-Rated Health Status of Korean Middle-Aged Women -Based on 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-
    Hye-Jin Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2013; 42(9): 1395.     CrossRef
  • A Study on Dietary Behaviors, Health-Related Lifestyle of Adult Visitors at Public Health Centers in Gyeonggi Urban Area
    Jong-Sook Kwon, Kyungmin Kim, Hyun-Chang Seo, Yoonna Lee, Seunggeon Lim, Young-Sug Choi
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(6): 611.     CrossRef
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