1충북대학교 보건과학융합연구소
2충북대학교 의과대학 의학과
3충북대학교병원 공공보건의료사업단
4충북대학교 의과대학
1Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
2Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
3Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
4College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
© 2024 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
There are no financial or other issues that might lead to conflict of interest.
FUNDING
This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2019R1I1A1A01063639 and 2022R1I1A3070074) and the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1C1C2008683).
DATA AVAILABILITY
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Variable | All (n = 132) |
Responsibilities |
P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Local government officials in charge of support and welfare services for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 44) | Local government and public health center officials in charge of nutrition management projects (n = 34) | Social workers and dietitians in private welfare institutions for PWD or other vulnerable groups (n = 54) | |||
Age (year) | 0.139 | ||||
20–29 | 28 (21.2) | 13 (29.5) | 7 (20.6) | 8 (14.8) | |
30–39 | 54 (40.9) | 19 (43.2) | 16 (47.1) | 19 (35.2) | |
40–49 | 34 (25.8) | 7 (15.9) | 6 (17.6) | 21 (38.9) | |
≥ 50 | 16 (12.1) | 5 (11.4) | 5 (14.7) | 6 (11.1) | |
Sex | 0.003 | ||||
Male | 33 (25.0) | 14 (31.8) | 1 (2.9) | 18 (33.3) | |
Female | 99 (75.0) | 30 (68.2) | 33 (97.1) | 36 (66.7) | |
Responsible for face-to-face contact with vulnerable groups | 0.532 | ||||
Yes | 95 (72.0) | 29 (65.9) | 25 (73.5) | 41 (75.9) | |
No | 37 (28.0) | 15 (34.1) | 9 (26.5) | 13 (24.1) | |
Target group in charge (multiple responses) | |||||
PWD | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 85 (64.4) | 32 (72.7) | 4 (11.8) | 49 (90.7) | |
No | 47 (35.6) | 12 (27.3) | 30 (88.2) | 5 (9.3) | |
Low-income earners | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 54 (40.9) | 18 (40.9) | 26 (76.5) | 10 (18.5) | |
No | 78 (59.1) | 26 (59.1) | 8 (23.5) | 44 (81.5) | |
Older adults | 0.154 | ||||
Yes | 19 (14.4) | 9 (20.5) | 6 (17.6) | 4 (7.4) | |
No | 113 (85.6) | 35 (79.5) | 28 (82.4) | 50 (92.6) | |
Other groups1) | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 31 (23.5) | 9 (20.5) | 18 (52.9) | 4 (7.4) | |
No | 101 (76.5) | 35 (79.5) | 16 (47.1) | 50 (92.6) | |
Total work experience in the field (year) | 0.004 | ||||
< 1 | 22 (16.7) | 11 (25.0) | 7 (20.6) | 4 (7.4) | |
1–2 | 27 (20.5) | 14 (31.8) | 7 (20.6) | 6 (11.1) | |
3–5 | 31 (23.5) | 9 (20.5) | 7 (20.6) | 15 (27.8) | |
6–9 | 22 (16.7) | 7 (15.9) | 7 (20.6) | 8 (14.8) | |
≥10 | 30 (22.7) | 3 (6.8) | 6 (17.6) | 21 (38.9) | |
Administrative division of the affiliated institution | 0.076 | ||||
Seoul | 40 (30.3) | 15 (34.1) | 4 (11.8) | 21 (38.9) | |
Six metropolitan cities | 23 (17.4) | 7 (15.9) | 9 (26.5) | 7 (13.0) | |
Nine provinces | 69 (52.3) | 22 (50.0) | 21 (61.8) | 26 (48.1) |
Variable | All (n = 132) |
Responsibilities |
P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Local government officials in charge of support and welfare services for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 44) | Local government and public health center officials in charge of nutrition management projects (n = 34) | Social workers and dietitians in private welfare institutions for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 54) | |||
Need for nutritional and dietary support policies and programs for PWD | < 0.001 | ||||
Very much needed | 59 (44.7) | 10 (22.7) | 16 (47.1) | 33 (61.1) | |
Needed | 69 (52.3) | 30 (68.2) | 18 (52.9) | 21 (38.9) | |
Not needed or not very much needed | 4 (3.0) | 4 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Priorities for support measures when introducing nutrition and food assistance programs for PWD 1) | |||||
Delivery service of pre-cooked side dishes or lunch boxes | 69 (52.3) | 26 (59.1) | 20 (58.8) | 23 (42.6) | 0.180 |
Providing meal preparation support services (e.g., preparing meals, cooking and serving, and grocery shopping) | 55 (41.7) | 17 (38.6) | 16 (47.1) | 22 (40.7) | 0.744 |
Providing customized dietary education and nutrition management programs for PWD | 34 (25.8) | 8 (18.2) | 9 (26.5) | 17 (31.5) | 0.324 |
Providing essential food assistance | 32 (24.2) | 12 (27.3) | 6 (17.6) | 14 (25.9) | 0.575 |
Ready-to-cook meal kit or cooking box delivery services | 25 (18.9) | 9 (20.5) | 7 (20.6) | 9 (16.7) | 0.857 |
Providing free meals at designated locations | 24 (18.2) | 6 (13.6) | 4 (11.8) | 14 (25.9) | 0.155 |
Providing vouchers to purchase food or meals | 23 (17.4) | 10 (22.7) | 6 (17.6) | 7 (13.0) | 0.448 |
Variable | All (n = 132) | Responsibilities |
P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Local government officials in charge of support and welfare services for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 44) | Local government and public health center officials in charge of nutrition management projects (n = 34) | Social workers and dietitians in private welfare institutions for PWD or other vulnerable groups (n = 54) | |||
Age (year) | 0.139 | ||||
20–29 | 28 (21.2) | 13 (29.5) | 7 (20.6) | 8 (14.8) | |
30–39 | 54 (40.9) | 19 (43.2) | 16 (47.1) | 19 (35.2) | |
40–49 | 34 (25.8) | 7 (15.9) | 6 (17.6) | 21 (38.9) | |
≥ 50 | 16 (12.1) | 5 (11.4) | 5 (14.7) | 6 (11.1) | |
Sex | 0.003 | ||||
Male | 33 (25.0) | 14 (31.8) | 1 (2.9) | 18 (33.3) | |
Female | 99 (75.0) | 30 (68.2) | 33 (97.1) | 36 (66.7) | |
Responsible for face-to-face contact with vulnerable groups | 0.532 | ||||
Yes | 95 (72.0) | 29 (65.9) | 25 (73.5) | 41 (75.9) | |
No | 37 (28.0) | 15 (34.1) | 9 (26.5) | 13 (24.1) | |
Target group in charge (multiple responses) | |||||
PWD | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 85 (64.4) | 32 (72.7) | 4 (11.8) | 49 (90.7) | |
No | 47 (35.6) | 12 (27.3) | 30 (88.2) | 5 (9.3) | |
Low-income earners | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 54 (40.9) | 18 (40.9) | 26 (76.5) | 10 (18.5) | |
No | 78 (59.1) | 26 (59.1) | 8 (23.5) | 44 (81.5) | |
Older adults | 0.154 | ||||
Yes | 19 (14.4) | 9 (20.5) | 6 (17.6) | 4 (7.4) | |
No | 113 (85.6) | 35 (79.5) | 28 (82.4) | 50 (92.6) | |
Other groups |
< 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 31 (23.5) | 9 (20.5) | 18 (52.9) | 4 (7.4) | |
No | 101 (76.5) | 35 (79.5) | 16 (47.1) | 50 (92.6) | |
Total work experience in the field (year) | 0.004 | ||||
< 1 | 22 (16.7) | 11 (25.0) | 7 (20.6) | 4 (7.4) | |
1–2 | 27 (20.5) | 14 (31.8) | 7 (20.6) | 6 (11.1) | |
3–5 | 31 (23.5) | 9 (20.5) | 7 (20.6) | 15 (27.8) | |
6–9 | 22 (16.7) | 7 (15.9) | 7 (20.6) | 8 (14.8) | |
≥10 | 30 (22.7) | 3 (6.8) | 6 (17.6) | 21 (38.9) | |
Administrative division of the affiliated institution | 0.076 | ||||
Seoul | 40 (30.3) | 15 (34.1) | 4 (11.8) | 21 (38.9) | |
Six metropolitan cities | 23 (17.4) | 7 (15.9) | 9 (26.5) | 7 (13.0) | |
Nine provinces | 69 (52.3) | 22 (50.0) | 21 (61.8) | 26 (48.1) |
Variable | All (n = 132) | Responsibilities |
P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Local government officials in charge of support and welfare services for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 44) | Local government and public health center officials in charge of nutrition management projects (n = 34) | Social workers and dietitians in private welfare institutions for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 54) | |||
Perception of the nutritional status of PWD | 0.026 | ||||
Good or very good | 41 (31.1) | 19 (43.2) | 5 (14.7) | 17 (31.5) | |
Bad or very bad | 91 (68.9) | 25 (56.8) | 29 (85.3) | 37 (68.5) | |
Principal challenges of PWD in dietary and nutritional management | 0.825 | ||||
Inability to afford a good quality or satisfactory meal because of financial difficulties | 22 (16.7) | 8 (18.2) | 7 (20.6) | 7 (13.0) | |
Insufficient information about nutrition and recipes to practice a healthy and balanced diet | 31 (23.5) | 9 (20.5) | 8 (23.5) | 14 (25.9) | |
Difficulty in purchasing ingredients, cooking, and preparing meals without assistance because of their disability | 71 (53.8) | 25 (56.8) | 18 (52.9) | 28 (51.9) | |
Other difficulties (e.g., difficulty in eating food, such as with chewing or swallowing) | 8 (6.1) | 2 (4.5) | 1 (2.9) | 5 (9.3) | |
Major disability types that require the most assistance with dietary and nutritional management (multiple responses) | |||||
Brain lesion | 0.003 | ||||
Yes | 84 (63.6) | 36 (81.8) | 22 (64.7) | 26 (48.1) | |
No | 48 (36.4) | 8 (18.2) | 12 (35.3) | 28 (51.9) | |
Physical disability | 0.012 | ||||
Yes | 73 (55.3) | 23 (52.3) | 26 (76.5) | 24 (44.4) | |
No | 59 (44.7) | 21 (47.7) | 8 (23.5) | 30 (55.6) | |
Intellectual disorder | 0.007 | ||||
Yes | 72 (54.5) | 21 (47.7) | 13 (38.2) | 38 (70.4) | |
No | 60 (45.5) | 23 (52.3) | 21 (61.8) | 16 (29.6) | |
Autistic disorder | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 46 (34.8) | 7 (15.9) | 6 (17.6) | 33 (61.1) | |
No | 86 (65.2) | 37 (84.1) | 28 (82.4) | 21 (38.9) | |
Visual disability | 0.511 | ||||
Yes | 39 (29.5) | 15 (34.1) | 11 (32.4) | 13 (24.1) | |
No | 93 (70.5) | 29 (65.9) | 23 (67.6) | 41 (75.9) | |
Mental disorder | 0.582 | ||||
Yes | 23 (17.4) | 9 (20.5) | 4 (11.8) | 10 (18.5) | |
No | 109 (82.6) | 35 (79.5) | 30 (88.2) | 44 (81.5) | |
Renal disease | 0.535 | ||||
Yes | 17 (12.9) | 4 (9.1) | 6 (17.6) | 7 (13.0) | |
No | 115 (87.1) | 40 (90.9) | 28 (82.4) | 47 (87.0) | |
Other disability types | 0.200 | ||||
Yes | 35 (26.5) | 15 (34.1) | 10 (29.4) | 10 (18.5) | |
No | 97 (73.5) | 29 (65.9) | 24 (70.6) | 44 (81.5) |
Variable | All (n = 132) | Responsibilities |
P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Local government officials in charge of support and welfare services for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 44) | Local government and public health center officials in charge of nutrition management projects (n = 34) | Social workers and dietitians in private welfare institutions for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 54) | |||
Needs for 10 types of basic support policies and systems for PWD (0–10 points) | |||||
Guarantee of medical expenses | 7.76 ± 2.51 (1st) | 6.64 ± 2.89 (1st) | 8.88 ± 1.63 (2nd) | 7.96 ± 2.31 (2nd) | < 0.001 |
Guarantee of human rights and prohibition of discrimination against PWD | 7.74 ± 2.62 (2nd) | 6.39 ± 3.00 (2nd) | 8.94 ± 1.74 (1st) | 8.09 ± 2.28 (1st) | < 0.001 |
Health care for PWD | 7.60 ± 2.52 (3rd) | 6.34 ± 2.82 (3rd) | 8.79 ± 1.68 (3rd) | 7.87 ± 2.28 (3rd) | < 0.001 |
Mobility rights guarantee | 7.45 ± 2.44 (4th) | 6.23 ± 2.68 (4th) | 8.53 ± 1.69 (6th) | 7.78 ± 2.25 (5th) | < 0.001 |
Food and dietary security | 7.44 ± 2.52 (5th) | 6.05 ± 2.94 (5th) | 8.59 ± 1.65 (4th) | 7.85 ± 2.08 (4th) | < 0.001 |
Guarantee of communication, access to information, and participation | 7.31 ± 2.42 (6th) | 5.91 ± 2.69 (6th) | 8.44 ± 1.64 (7th) | 7.74 ± 2.07 (6th) | < 0.001 |
Vocational education and job guarantee | 7.25 ± 2.53 (7th) | 5.77 ± 2.62 (9th) | 8.59 ± 1.73 (4th) | 7.61 ± 2.29 (8th) | < 0.001 |
Guarantee of childcare and education | 7.17 ± 2.51 (8th) | 5.89 ± 2.69 (7th) | 8.24 ± 1.86 (8th) | 7.56 ± 2.31 (9th) | < 0.001 |
Basic income guarantee | 7.14 ± 2.71 (9th) | 5.73 ± 3.05 (10th) | 8.18 ± 2.08 (9th) | 7.63 ± 2.31 (7th) | < 0.001 |
Housing guarantee | 7.07 ± 2.68 (10th) | 5.80 ± 3.07 (8th) | 8.03 ± 2.11 (10th) | 7.50 ± 2.28 (10th) | < 0.001 |
Variable | All (n = 132) | Responsibilities |
P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Local government officials in charge of support and welfare services for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 44) | Local government and public health center officials in charge of nutrition management projects (n = 34) | Social workers and dietitians in private welfare institutions for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 54) | |||
Need for nutritional and dietary support policies and programs for PWD | < 0.001 | ||||
Very much needed | 59 (44.7) | 10 (22.7) | 16 (47.1) | 33 (61.1) | |
Needed | 69 (52.3) | 30 (68.2) | 18 (52.9) | 21 (38.9) | |
Not needed or not very much needed | 4 (3.0) | 4 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Priorities for support measures when introducing nutrition and food assistance programs for PWD |
|||||
Delivery service of pre-cooked side dishes or lunch boxes | 69 (52.3) | 26 (59.1) | 20 (58.8) | 23 (42.6) | 0.180 |
Providing meal preparation support services (e.g., preparing meals, cooking and serving, and grocery shopping) | 55 (41.7) | 17 (38.6) | 16 (47.1) | 22 (40.7) | 0.744 |
Providing customized dietary education and nutrition management programs for PWD | 34 (25.8) | 8 (18.2) | 9 (26.5) | 17 (31.5) | 0.324 |
Providing essential food assistance | 32 (24.2) | 12 (27.3) | 6 (17.6) | 14 (25.9) | 0.575 |
Ready-to-cook meal kit or cooking box delivery services | 25 (18.9) | 9 (20.5) | 7 (20.6) | 9 (16.7) | 0.857 |
Providing free meals at designated locations | 24 (18.2) | 6 (13.6) | 4 (11.8) | 14 (25.9) | 0.155 |
Providing vouchers to purchase food or meals | 23 (17.4) | 10 (22.7) | 6 (17.6) | 7 (13.0) | 0.448 |
Variable | All (n = 132) | Responsibilities |
P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Local government officials in charge of support and welfare services for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 44) | Local government and public health center officials in charge of nutrition management projects (n = 34) | Social workers and dietitians in private welfare institutions for PWD and other vulnerable groups (n = 54) | |||
Priority strategies for implementing and strengthening nutritional and dietary support policies and systems for PWD | 0.099 | ||||
Development of customized programs and services considering the needs of beneficiaries | 49 (37.1) | 11 (25.0) | 11 (32.4) | 27 (50.0) | |
Establishment of a dedicated department and placement of dedicated personnel | 31 (23.5) | 12 (27.3) | 9 (26.5) | 10 (18.5) | |
Integration of support systems for PWD | 15 (11.4) | 7 (15.9) | 3 (8.8) | 5 (9.3) | |
Establishment of legal and institutional frameworks for support | 15 (11.4) | 5 (11.4) | 7 (20.6) | 3 (5.6) | |
Expanding beneficiaries and the scope of support | 11 (8.3) | 2 (4.5) | 3 (8.8) | 6 (11.1) | |
Well-designed support delivery systems | 11 (8.3) | 7 (15.9) | 1 (2.9) | 3 (5.6) |
n (%). PWD, persons with disabilities. Includes single-parent families, North Korean defectors, and marriage immigrants.
n (%). PWD, persons with disabilities.
Mean ± SD. PWD, persons with disabilities.
n (%). PWD, persons with disabilities. Multiple responses; The values indicate the proportion of responses corresponding to "yes" in a "yes/no" format.
n (%). PWD, persons with disabilities.