Ye-Jung Kim; Yoon Jeong Choi; Hee-Seon Kim

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.4.312

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Original Article
Factors Related to Calceneal Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation, Anthropometric Indexes and Nutrient Intakes among Elementary School Children in Chungnam: Ye-Jung Kim, Yoon Jeong Choi, Hee-Seon Kim; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2013;18(4):312-323.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.4.312
Published online: August 31, 2013

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Hee-Seon Kim, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University, 646 Eupnae-ri, Shinchang-myun, Asan-si, Choongnam 336-745, Republic of Korea. Tel: (041) 530-1263, Fax: (041) 530-1264, hskim1@sch.ac.kr

• Received: August 5, 2013 • Revised: August 19, 2013 • Accepted: August 19, 2013

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
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REFERENCES

Abstract

Variables affecting bone heath of growing children were analyzed among forty nine 10-12 year old elementary students in three rural regions of north west Chungnam area. Information on age of the parents, duration of breast feeding and birth weight were collected from the guardians of the participants and nutrient intake and diet quality were assessed by average of three-day food records of participants with the help of dietitians. Bone health status was measured by calceneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Results showed that anthropometic indexes and nutrient intake levels were not different between boys and girls. However, iron intake was significantly lower in girls than in boys. Girls after menarche showed lower intake levels for thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine and niacin than girls before menarche. z-scores of BMI were lower than -1 and higher than +1 showed shorter breast feeding period than others but the difference was statistically non-significant. Overall, the subjects did not consume enough s of calcium, vitamin C and folic acid. Zinc intake and BMI were the most significant factors affecting BUA by the results of backward elimination in multiple regression models. Phosphorous and beta-carotene intakes showed significant negative relation with BUA. This study showed that children living in the rural area of Chungnam need extra care to keep their health and nutrient intakes especially for the nutrients known to affect growth. Tailored nutrition education needs to be more focused on the improvement of bone health status of children.
Keywords: nutrition status; bone health status; BUA of elementary school children

NOTES

This study was supported by Soonchunhyang University Research Funds.

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Table 1

General characteristics of the subjects by gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA)

NS: Not significant

Table 2

Comparison of the variables by the BMI of the study subjects

1) Mean ± SD

2) Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA)

abc: Values with different superscript letters within a row are significantly different based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test

Table 3

Dietary intakes of the subjects by sex

1) Mean ± SD

NS: Not significant

Table 4

Dietary intakes of the subjects by the BMI group

1) Mean ± SD

ab: Values with different superscript letters within a row are significantly different based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test

Table 5

Evaluation of diet quality by sex

1) Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR)

2) Mean ± SD

3) Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR)

4) Index of Nutrition Quality (INQ)

NS: Not significant

Table 6

Evaluation of diet quality by the BMI group

1) Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR)

2) Mean ± SD

3) Mean adequacy ratio (MAR)

4) Index of Nutrition Quality (INQ)

ab: Values with different superscript letters within a row are significantly different based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test

Table 7

Anthropometric and dietary quality of the girls by menstrual status

1) Mean ± SD

2) Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR)

3) Mean adequacy ratio (MAR)

NS: Not significant

Table 8

Summary of multiple regression model fit by backward elimination1) for z-score of BUA as a dependant variable

1) Significant level for stay (SLS) was 0.10

Figure & Data

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Factors Related to Calceneal Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation, Anthropometric Indexes and Nutrient Intakes among Elementary School Children in Chungnam

Korean J Community Nutr. 2013;18(4):312-323. Published online August 31, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.4.312

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Factors Related to Calceneal Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation, Anthropometric Indexes and Nutrient Intakes among Elementary School Children in Chungnam

Table 1

General characteristics of the subjects by gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA)

NS: Not significant

Table 2

Comparison of the variables by the BMI of the study subjects

1) Mean ± SD

2) Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA)

abc: Values with different superscript letters within a row are significantly different based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test

Table 3

Dietary intakes of the subjects by sex

1) Mean ± SD

NS: Not significant

Table 4

Dietary intakes of the subjects by the BMI group

1) Mean ± SD

ab: Values with different superscript letters within a row are significantly different based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test

Table 5

Evaluation of diet quality by sex

1) Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR)

2) Mean ± SD

3) Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR)

4) Index of Nutrition Quality (INQ)

NS: Not significant

Table 6

Evaluation of diet quality by the BMI group

1) Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR)

2) Mean ± SD

3) Mean adequacy ratio (MAR)

4) Index of Nutrition Quality (INQ)

ab: Values with different superscript letters within a row are significantly different based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test

Table 7

Anthropometric and dietary quality of the girls by menstrual status

1) Mean ± SD

2) Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR)

3) Mean adequacy ratio (MAR)

NS: Not significant

Table 8

Summary of multiple regression model fit by backward elimination1) for z-score of BUA as a dependant variable

1) Significant level for stay (SLS) was 0.10

Table 1 General characteristics of the subjects by gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA)

NS: Not significant

Table 2 Comparison of the variables by the BMI of the study subjects

1) Mean ± SD

2) Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA)

abc: Values with different superscript letters within a row are significantly different based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test

Table 3 Dietary intakes of the subjects by sex

1) Mean ± SD

NS: Not significant

Table 4 Dietary intakes of the subjects by the BMI group

1) Mean ± SD

ab: Values with different superscript letters within a row are significantly different based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test

Table 5 Evaluation of diet quality by sex

1) Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR)

2) Mean ± SD

3) Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR)

4) Index of Nutrition Quality (INQ)

NS: Not significant

Table 6 Evaluation of diet quality by the BMI group

1) Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR)

2) Mean ± SD

3) Mean adequacy ratio (MAR)

4) Index of Nutrition Quality (INQ)

ab: Values with different superscript letters within a row are significantly different based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test

Table 7 Anthropometric and dietary quality of the girls by menstrual status

1) Mean ± SD

2) Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR)

3) Mean adequacy ratio (MAR)

NS: Not significant

Table 8 Summary of multiple regression model fit by backward elimination1) for z-score of BUA as a dependant variable