Jae Ok Koo

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.3.269

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Original Article
Association of Bone Mineral Density and Blood Pressure, Calcium Intake among Adult Women in Seoul, Kyunggi Area: Based on 2011 KNHANES: Jae Ok Koo; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2013;18(3):269-282.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.3.269
Published online: June 30, 2013

Department of Home Economics, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Jae Ok Koo, Department of Home Economic Korea National Open University, Jonroku Dongsungdong 169, Seoul 110-791, Korea. Tel: (02) 3668-4643, Fax: (02) 3668-4188, cokoo@knou.ac.kr

• Received: May 10, 2013 • Revised: June 24, 2013 • Accepted: June 24, 2013

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
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REFERENCES

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate bone mineral density (BMD), blood pressure, calcium, sodium intake and related biochemical variables, and to analyze the relationship between BMD, and blood pressure, physical characteristics, nutrient intakes of Korean adult women. The study subjects were 30~80years old, 513 women living in Seoul and Kyunggi area who participated in 2011 KNHANES. The study subjects were divided into three BMD groups; normal, n = 259 (50.4%), osteopenia, n = 169 (32.9%), and osteoporosis, n = 85 (16.7%). Average height and weight and fat free mass decreased with a decrease in BMD. Average BMD of normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis were 0.87, 0.79, 0.70 g/cm², and T-score were 0.42, -0.66, -1.62, respectively. Higher systolic blood pressure, alkaline phosphatase, and triglyceride were significantly associated with a decrease in the BMD. The rates of hypertension were significantly increased from normal to osteoporosis. i.e. 18.5% in normal, 34.3% in osteopenia and 63.5% in osteoporosis. Average nutrientintakes such as protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin B2, and vitamin C were significantly lower in subjects with lower BMD.n. Average calcium intake of normal, osteopernia and osteoporosis were 528.50, 416.96, 389.56 mg, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between calcium, phosphorus and age, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride. Also, there were negative correlation systolic blood pressure (incomplete sentence). In this study, we found low BMD according to low calcium intake increase the risk of osteoporosis and hypertension rather than sodium intake, also calcium intake decreased with increase age. Therefore, in order to prevent osteoporosis and hypertension, subjects need to be educated regarding the importance of calcium nutrients in diet.
Keywords: bone mineral density; blood pressure; calcium; osteoporosis; hypertension

NOTES

This research was supported by grants from Korea National Open University 2012 the second half.

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Table 1

Socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects by BMD

1) N (%)

2) By the χ²-test

3) Mean ± SD

4) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 2

Anthropometric charactertics and body composition of the subject by BMD

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

3) N (%)

4) By the χ²-test

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 3

Bone mineral density, T-score, blood pressure and biochemical variables by BMD

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 4

Normal and hypertension distribution by BMD

1) N (%)

2) By the χ²-test

^***: p < 0.001

Table 5

Comparison of nutrients intake by bone mineral density

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6

Correlation coefficients between mineral intakes and anthropometrics, age, blood prssure, BMD

1) Significant correlation by Person's correlation coefficient(r)

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p ± 0.01

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Association of Bone Mineral Density and Blood Pressure, Calcium Intake among Adult Women in Seoul, Kyunggi Area: Based on 2011 KNHANES

Korean J Community Nutr. 2013;18(3):269-282. Published online June 30, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.3.269

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Association of Bone Mineral Density and Blood Pressure, Calcium Intake among Adult Women in Seoul, Kyunggi Area: Based on 2011 KNHANES

Table 1

Socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects by BMD

1) N (%)

2) By the χ²-test

3) Mean ± SD

4) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 2

Anthropometric charactertics and body composition of the subject by BMD

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

3) N (%)

4) By the χ²-test

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 3

Bone mineral density, T-score, blood pressure and biochemical variables by BMD

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 4

Normal and hypertension distribution by BMD

1) N (%)

2) By the χ²-test

^***: p < 0.001

Table 5

Comparison of nutrients intake by bone mineral density

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6

Correlation coefficients between mineral intakes and anthropometrics, age, blood prssure, BMD

1) Significant correlation by Person's correlation coefficient(r)

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p ± 0.01

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects by BMD

1) N (%)

2) By the χ²-test

3) Mean ± SD

4) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 2 Anthropometric charactertics and body composition of the subject by BMD

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

3) N (%)

4) By the χ²-test

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 3 Bone mineral density, T-score, blood pressure and biochemical variables by BMD

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 4 Normal and hypertension distribution by BMD

1) N (%)

2) By the χ²-test

^***: p < 0.001

Table 5 Comparison of nutrients intake by bone mineral density

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between groups by ANOVA

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6 Correlation coefficients between mineral intakes and anthropometrics, age, blood prssure, BMD