- [Korean]
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Food purchase patterns, food policy recognition, and food environment satisfaction among adults in Jeju, Korea, according to food security: a cross-sectional study
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Sumin Kim, Youjeong Jang, Hyunji Ham, Hanbin Ko, Insuk Chai, Kyungho Ha
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Korean J Community Nutr 2024;29(5):406-417. Published online October 31, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.00012
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 Abstract
 PDF Supplementary Material
- Objectives
Recently, food insecurity has been a major public health issue along with the food crisis caused by COVID-19, climate change, and the polarization of food supply due to socioeconomic disparities. Food insecurity is known to be related to the food choices and environment of the consumer. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the food security statuses of adults in Jeju and investigate their food purchase patterns, food policy recognition, and food environment satisfaction.
Methods
Based on data from the 2022 Jeju Food Survey, 346 adults aged ≥19 years in Jeju were classified into food security and insecurity groups (quantitatively and qualitatively) using the questionnaire. Food purchase patterns, including purchasing frequency, items, and reasons, were surveyed for local and eco-friendly foods. The recognition and necessity of several food policies and satisfaction with diet and food environment (availability, accessibility, affordability, accommodation, and acceptability) were measured using the Likert scale.
Results
Among the total participants, 47.4% were in the food insecurity group. The frequency of purchasing local and eco-friendly foods did not significantly differ by food security status. The insecurity group exhibited a higher recognition rate of basic rights to food (36.0%) than the security group (24.7%, P = 0.023). The recognition and necessity of specific food policies did not significantly differ by food security status, except for the policy of promoting food communities, for which the food security group exhibited higher recognition than the food insecurity group did (P = 0.004). The food insecurity group exhibited significantly lower scores regarding satisfaction toward diet and food environment factors (P < 0.05 for all).
Conclusions
Overall, the food security group reported higher satisfaction with their diet and food environment than the food insecurity group. Further in-depth studies to investigate the determinants of food insecurity and effective promotional strategies for food policies are needed.
- [English]
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Changing patterns and related factors of kimchi consumption among Korean adults: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010–2024
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Hui-Yang Zhao, Hyunji Ham, Sumin Kim, Chang Hyeon Lee, Kyungho Ha, Sangah Shin
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Received March 16, 2026 Accepted June 2, 2026 Published online June 25, 2026
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2026.00108
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Abstract
- Objectives
This study was conducted to analyze long-term trends in kimchi consumption and patterns among Korean adults using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2010 to 2024, and to identify sociodemographic, dietary, and health-related factors associated with recent kimchi consumption.
Methods
Data from the 5th (2010) through 9th (2024) KNHANES were utilized. Trend analysis included 103,267 participants, while factor analysis focused on 14,244 adults aged ≥ 30 years (2022–2024). Changes in consumption form (side dish versus ingredient) and locations were examined. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for meeting the recommended intake (40 g/day).
Results
Over the past 15 years, Kimchi consumption among Korean adults has significantly decreased regardless of gender (men: β = –1.53, women: β = –1.31, P for trend < 0.05). The proportion of individuals reporting no kimchi intake on the 24-hour recall day increased from 11.7% in 2010 to 22.7% in 2024. Among young adults (20–39 years), a qualitative shift occurred as consumption transitioned from side dishes to dish ingredients. At-home consumption decreased for all age groups under 60 years. Conversely, eating-out consumption increased for most groups, except for those aged 20–39 years, while school/workplace consumption increased only in the 0–9 years age group. Analysis of the factors associated with meeting the recommended intake revealed that men, older adults, rural residents, married individuals, alcohol consumers, and smokers were more likely to meet the recommendation. Conversely, frequent solo dining or skipping meals were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of meeting the recommendation.
Conclusion
This study confirms a structural shift in the Korean diet. Future strategies for preserving traditional food culture and establishing nutritional policies must be tailored to reflect modern dietary changes, such as an increase in single-person households and the spread of a solo-dining culture.
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