- [Korean]
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A Study on the Dietary Behavior of Korean Adults: Focus on Dietary Supplement Intake, Household Size, and COVID-19
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Jinkyung Choi
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Korean J Community Nutr 2022;27(6):468-479. Published online December 31, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2022.27.6.468
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 Abstract
 PDF
- Objectives
This study investigates dietary supplement intakes by examining the characteristics of dietary and health-related behaviors. Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Dietary and health-related behaviors were also examined before and after the occurrence of COVID-19 and household types (multi-members vs. single person).
Methods
Data used in this study were collected from the 2019-2020 KNHANES by including adults aged 19 to 64 years. Pregnant, lactating, and subjects consuming calories less than 500 and more than 5,000 were excluded. Differences in dietary and health-related behaviors before and after COVID-19, and between the two types of households were analyzed by Chi-square analyses using Rao-Scott. Logistic regression analyses were applied to determine which dietary and health-related behaviors affected the dietary supplement intakes. In addition, descriptive analysis was run for demographic characteristics.
Results
The dietary supplement intake rate differed significantly with respect to the gender, age, education, marital status, and household income. Dietary supplement intakes, frequency of eating out, obesity, and body weight changes were significantly different before and after COVID-19. In addition, meal evaluation, frequency of eating out, drinking, smoking, activity, subjective health evaluation, and body weight changes showed significant differences by household type. Attitude towards nutrition, activity, meal evaluation, obesity, and smoking were factors that affected the intake of dietary supplements.
Conclusions
While increased intake of dietary supplements is a prevalent phenomenon, this intake needs to be monitored and studied closely, considering the sociodemographic characteristics and dietary and health-related behaviors. Furthermore, the dietary supplement intake trend after COVID-19 needs to be studied along with food intake.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Relationship between health literacy, fruit and vegetable consumption, and dietary supplement use among Korean adults
Seong-Ah Kim, Seul Ki Choi
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2026; 43(1): 1. CrossRef - Nutritional risk assessment using estimated usual nutrient intake in Korean adults: analysis of the 8th (2019–2021) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
Woojin Byeon, Cho-il Kim, Sung Ok Kwon, Jihyun Yoon, Linxi Huang
Nutrition Research and Practice.2025; 19(5): 799. CrossRef - Changes in Ultra-Processed Food Consumption among Adolescents before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic : Using Data from the 7th (2018~2019) and 8th (2020~2021) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hyun-Jin Hwang, Yoo Kyeong Kim
Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2024; 33(6): 981. CrossRef - A pilot investigation of a combined food literacy and exercise program for college students: a one-group pre-post intervention study
Minjeong Jeong, Jinhyun Kim, Dahye Han, Eunjin Jang, Kyoungho Choi, Sohyun Park
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(6): 455. CrossRef - Comparison of Eating Habits and Behaviors of Young Single-Person Households based on Food-Related Lifestyle
Dokyung Kim, Sim-Yeol Lee
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2023; 23(3): 117. CrossRef - Effect of Dietary Supplements on Vitamin and Mineral Intake Among Koreans: Data From the 2018-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Moon Yeong Hwang, Jiyoun Hong
Food Supplements and Biomaterials for Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Dietary guidelines adherence and changes in eating habits among college students in the post-COVID-19 period: a cross-sectional study
Eunyoung Yoon
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(3): 220. CrossRef
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- [English]
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Breakfast frequency, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, and body mass index among Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
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Jinkyung Choi
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Received May 29, 2026 Accepted August 5, 2026 Published online August 7, 2026
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2026.00192
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Abstract
- Objectives
This study investigated the associations between breakfast frequency, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, and body mass index (BMI) among Korean adults and identified eating behavior factors associated with SSB consumption.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using questionnaire data from 343 Korean adults aged ≥ 20 years. Information on breakfast frequency, SSB consumption, demographic characteristics, and eating behaviors was collected. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight and analyzed as both a continuous and a categorical variable. Differences between BMI categories and SSB consumption were examined using chi-square tests and independent t-tests. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate bivariate associations. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors independently associated with BMI after adjusting for age, sex, household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, meal frequency, eating-out frequency, SSB consumption, and the interaction term between breakfast frequency and SSB consumption.
Results
SSB consumption differed significantly according to sex, education level, breakfast frequency, smoking status, and alcohol consumption (P < 0.05), whereas BMI category differed significantly only according to sex and physical activity. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, sex and SSB consumption were independently associated with BMI, whereas breakfast frequency and the interaction between breakfast frequency and SSB consumption were not significantly associated with BMI.
Conclusion
Higher SSB consumption was independently associated with higher BMI, whereas breakfast frequency was not independently associated with BMI after adjusting for potential confounding factors. These findings suggest that SSB consumption may be more strongly associated with BMI than breakfast frequency among Korean adults.
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